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- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Contributor
Leonardo Paoli
Clean Energy Technology Analyst. Leonardo Paoli works on clean energy technology innovation and long-term outlooks. He coordinates the clean energy technology guide.
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Fuel report
Oct 2024
Global Hydrogen Review 2024 Progress summary dashboard
Note: 2024e = Estimated based on announced projects. FID = Final Investment Decision.
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Fuel report
Jun 2026
Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Key questions about hydrogen
How has the conflict in the Middle East affected supplies of fertilisers and chemicals made from hydrogen? The conflict in the Middle East has disrupted not only oil and gas flows, but also global supply chains for hydrogen‑based products, particularly fertilisers and chemicals such as ammonia, urea and methanol. These products account for a large share of hydrogen demand, with ammonia and methanol alone representing roughly half of global consumption.The Middle East plays a critical role in global markets for hydrogen-based products, and a large share of its production is dedicated to exports, making the region a major…
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Fuel report
Dec 2025
The Value of Demand Flexibility Executive summary
With global electricity demand rising and set to add around 1 000 TWh each year until 2035, new ways of managing the balance between supply and demand are needed. Demand flexibility – the ability to adjust the timing or amount of electricity use in response to system needs – is central to help achieve this balance. Advances in digitalisation, including the growing use of AI tools, are further enhancing the ability to deploy flexibility effectively.This policy brief, part of the 3DEN Initiative, presents a concise framework for understanding demand flexibility and its value across the energy system, highlighting that it can:Enhance power…
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- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages