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Energy Management for Industry
Driving efficiency implementation This report demonstrates the value of energy management for industry and governments. It illustrates how more systematic approaches to energy efficiency can contribute to ensure continual, durable, and increasing improvements that support competitiveness and energy security. It shows how new advances in energy management, such as increased digitalisation and artificial intelligence, can provide further benefits at speed and at scale. Building on best practices and innovative approaches, the report provides policy guidance on effective policy packages, giving insights into possible actions for policy makers irrespective of the maturity of existing programmes.
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025
…infrastructure, trade, investments and innovation. The report is an output of the Clean Energy Ministerial Hydrogen Initiative and is intended to provide an update to energy sector stakeholders on the status and future prospects of hydrogen, and to inform discussions at the Hydrogen Energy Ministerial Meeting organised by Japan.The sector has progressed significantly since the first publication of the Global Hydrogen Review in 2021. Low-emissions hydrogen production projects have gone from just a handful of demonstrations to more than 200 committed investments for projects that are increasing in number and in scale, reflecting the importance of hydrogen for…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry
…is moving at different speeds in different markets.At the same time, growth in car sales has shifted to emerging economies including China since the turn of the century, with around half of global sales now in these regions. Production has also grown unevenly in different regions, especially since the pandemic. China’s car output reached a record 27 million in 2024, when it also became the world’s largest car exporter.This IEA Special Report, released as part of the IEA’s Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) series, aims to provide technology and market insights to assist decision makers in…
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Global EV Outlook 2025
Expanding sales in diverse markets Global EV Outlook 2025: Expanding sales in diverse markets The Global EV Outlook is an annual publication that reports on recent developments in electric mobility around the world. It is developed with the support of members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI).The report draws on the latest data to assess trends in electric vehicle deployment, demand for their batteries and charging infrastructure. It considers recent policy developments and industry strategies shaping the outlook for electric vehicles in different markets. This edition features analysis of electric vehicle affordability, manufacturing and trade of electric cars and…
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World Energy Employment 2024 Executive summary
Global energy employment outperformed broader labour market trends in 2023. The global energy sector added nearly 2.5 million jobs in 2023 on the back of rising investment, bringing total employment to over 67 million workers. Employment in energy – which in this report includes energy supply, the power sector, end-use efficiency and vehicle manufacturing – rose by 3.8%, outpacing the economy-wide average of 2.2%. Energy job growth was fuelled by record levels of investment across a wide range of energy sources in the wake of the global energy crisis. As a result, jobs grew rapidly in both…
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Key Questions on Energy and AI Executive summary
…oil and natural gas production. Many jurisdictions are seeing project pipelines accelerate dramatically, although not all projects will come to fruition. Those that are moving forward are doing so at pace: the IEA’s unique satellite-based tracking shows that “artificial intelligence (AI) factories” – cutting-edge data centres specifically designed for AI – have more than tripled in capacity in the past 18 months. Meanwhile, the capabilities of AI are improving quickly, increasing the likelihood that it will reshape economic growth, innovation and competitiveness and disrupt established industries and jobs.In April 2025, the IEA published its landmark Energy and AI report…
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World Energy Investment 2026 How we track investment in energy
…oil and gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, investment reflects the capital spending incurred over time as production from a new source ramp up, or to maintain output from an existing asset. For energy efficiency, the measurement task is more complex and much of the expenditure is by consumers for whom purchases of more efficient goods are not investments per se. In WEI 2025, as in other recent IEA reports, investment in energy efficiency aims to reflect the incremental spending by companies, governments, or individuals to acquire a piece of equipment that is more efficient than the local market…
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World Energy Investment 2025 How we track investment in energy
…oil and gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, investment reflects the capital spending incurred over time as production from a new source ramp up, or to maintain output from an existing asset.For energy efficiency, the measurement task is more complex and much of the expenditure is by consumers for whom purchases of more efficient goods are not investments per se. In WEI 2025, as in other recent IEA reports, investment in energy efficiency aims to reflect the incremental spending by companies, governments, or individuals to acquire a piece of equipment that is more efficient than the local market…
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Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa
…Emerging markets and developing economies other than China account for less than 5% of the value generated from producing key energy technologies today. In Africa, there are currently only a small number of facilities dedicated to the beneficiation and processing of critical minerals and resources essential for energy technologies and materials, and only a handful of plants for manufacturing such technologies. In light of this, the government of South Africa requested that the IEA provide insights into potential opportunities for sustainable industrialisation in Africa to inform discussions at the G20 meetings in Johannesburg in 2025. This report explores selected elements of…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key findings
…report in 2020, with more than 50 new policies introduced around the world. High natural gas prices during the height of the global energy crisis in 2022 strengthened interest in the potential for biogases, driving growth in biogas consumption. Today’s sustainable production potential for biogases is nearly 1 000 bcme, equivalent to a quarter of global natural gas demand. By 2050, this increases to nearly 1 400 bcme with average costs falling by 20%, driven primarily by increased crop yields, technological learning effects and economies of scale. 80% of the sustainable potential for producing biogases is in emerging market…
