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World Energy Outlook 2022 Energy security in energy transitions
Energy security is not just about having uninterrupted access to energy, but also about securing energy supplies at an affordable price. It is a topic of perennial importance, and is once again high on the policy agenda as a result of the global energy crisis sparked by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The surge in energy prices has been on a large enough scale to worsen considerably the global economic outlook, causing difficulties for households and industrial operations alike, and leading many governments to recalibrate their policy priorities. Energy transitions offer the chance to build a safer and more sustainable…
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Energy and AI AI and energy security
…organisations, obtain deeper access to target networks, and for malicious scripting and evasion techniques. In view of these evolving threats, the deployment of more proactive AI-enabled cybersecurity systems that are quick to respond to threats is critical for ensuring the resilience of the energy sector. Upskilling, threat mapping and expertise sharing will be essential for keeping the energy sector ahead of the curve The security of energy sector supply chains for AI Securing the supply of affordable and reliable power for data centres is at the heart of the challenge of energy for AI. In particular, the growing ex...
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Ukraine’s Energy Security As Ukraine heads into another heating season, six measures can help improve energy security
…s critical energy and civilian infrastructure. However, there are other steps that can be taken to increase Ukraine’s energy security ahead of and during the coming winter. The IEA proposes six key actions for Ukraine and its partners to help address ongoing energy security challenges. Action 1: Boost protections for critical energy infrastructure and continue improving equipment supply chains Strengthening the security of critical energy infrastructure across Ukraine is vital to maintaining capacity this winter. A multilayered defence strategy, whereby air defence is combined with passive defence measures, can serve as a strong means of protecting key energy facilities…
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Energy and Gender
…energy sector. Women are vital energy consumers, producers and decision-makers who make a crucial contribution to global energy security and energy transitions. Building a more secure, fair and equitable energy future hinges on their active participation.Recognising this, the IEA’s Member countries have asked the Agency to focus on key issues at the nexus of energy and gender, from improving gender data collection to expanding analysis of the gender dimensions of energy policies. This work continues to expand and develop. The initiative, which was formerly known as C3E International, works to improve gender-disaggregated data in the energy…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is becoming an increasingly important part of the global energy system. The region accounts for 9% of the world’s population and 4% of its GDP. Energy use has risen sharply since 2015, supported by industrialisation, urbanisation, rising incomes and expanding mobility needs. This growth has helped underpin economic development and wider access to modern energy, but it has also increased exposure to global fuel markets and added to emissions. The current Middle East crisis has tested Southeast Asia’s energy security and affordability, exposing the limits of short-term responses. The region was heavily exposed to Middle…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on targets and pledges
…Rapid electrification reshapes final energy consumption and reduces import exposure. Total final consumption reaches 26 EJ by 2035 in the APS, compared with 28 EJ in the STEPS, as stronger efficiency and electrification curb demand growth. By 2050, fossil fuel demand in end-use sectors falls to around 10 EJ, or less than 40% of total final consumption, compared with more than 19 EJ in the STEPS. This lowers imported fossil fuel needs by 4 EJ in 2050 relative to the STEPS and reduces the fossil fuel import bill by USD 160 billion, strengthening energy security while lowering emissions.End…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Financing Energy Efficiency
…4 trillion in 2026, a 5% increase from 2025. Clean energy investment is projected to remain around USD 2.2 trillion, representing nearly two‑thirds of total energy spending and continuing to outpace fossil fuels. Investment in electricity systems such as grids, storage, and electrification, is increasingly driven by energy security concerns and rising electricity demand. Energy efficiency also remains essential to strengthening system resilience, reducing costs for consumers and businesses, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Accelerating the uptake of efficient technologies across buildings, industry, and transport is therefore critical to maximising the benefits of the global energy transition.Investment patterns, however, remain uneven…
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The Middle East and Global Energy Markets
The IEA is responding to the energy market impacts of the conflict in the Middle East and continues to closely monitor the latest developments.The disruption to oil and gas flows through the Strait of Hormuz and attacks on energy infrastructure across the region have major implications for energy security and affordability – and for the world economy. The IEA's Executive Director has said the combined impacts amount to "the greatest threat to global energy security in history." The war in the region that began on 28 February has impeded energy trade flows through the Strait, creating the largest supply disruption in…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for energy demand
…are adjusting their patterns of energy use in response to high prices and, in some cases, emergency demand reduction campaigns. Policy responses vary, but in many instances they include determined efforts to accelerate clean energy investment. This means an even stronger push for renewables in the power sector and faster electrification of industrial processes, vehicles and heating. As many of the solutions to the current crisis coincide with those needed to meet global climate goals, the crisis may end up being seen in retrospect as marking a critical turning point in the drive for both energy security and emissions reductions…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 The global energy crisis
…plunging global energy markets into turmoil, stoking inflationary pressures and slowing economic growth. The strains on markets did not begin with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, but they have been sharply exacerbated by it. This has led to volatility and steep spikes in energy prices, particularly for natural gas in European markets, and the menace of further disruption to supply looms large. Amid this turmoil, growth in renewables has held up well.The crisis has shattered energy relationships with Russia built on the assumption of trust and secure supplies, and led to a reappraisal of energy security needs in many…