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Global Energy Review 2026 Global trends
Demand for all fuels and technologies grew in 2025 Global energy demand grew by 1.3%, or 8 exajoules (EJ), in 2025. This represents a notable slowdown in energy demand growth from 2024, when it increased by 2%. A range of factors explain this. Firstly, although the global economic expansion remained robust, the rate of growth was slightly slower than in 2024, with slower growth in energy-intensive industries in some regions. Secondly, lower temperatures relative to 2024 led to lower cooling demand. Thirdly, energy intensity improvements accelerated.All energy sources contributed to meeting global energy demand growth in 2025…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Key findings
No sign that global energy-related methane emissions fell in 2025 despite progress in some areas The fossil fuel sector accounts for around 35% of methane emissions from human activity, yet there is still no sign that methane emissions from fossil fuel operations are falling, despite well-known and proven mitigation pathways. Oil, gas and coal production output reached record highs in 2025, and the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that methane emissions from these activities total 124 million tonnes (Mt) a year: oil is the largest source at 45 Mt, followed by coal at 43 Mt, and natural gas at 36 Mt. A…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Building
State of the transition Emissions Sectorial CO2 emissions trends have been fairly stable since 2018.Efficiency gains in buildings are improving energy use, but rising ownership of appliances and extreme weather increasingly offset these benefits.Emissions intensity of steel and cement is largely the same as 2020, while global construction activity has slowed in recent years. Cost Investment in building energy efficiency has risen over the past decade, but growth is now stalling, while spending on electrification grows steadily.High-efficiency building envelopes often entail higher upfront costs, constraining uptake in markets without dedicated financial support mechanisms.Strengthening the business…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Infographic: Overview recommended measures
Infographic: Overview recommended measures
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for liquid fuels
The situation for oil markets today could hardly be more different from what it was in 2020. Two years ago, lockdowns imposed in response to the Covid-19 pandemic caused a huge oversupply of oil, leading prices to collapse to an average of USD 44/barrel. Today, global supply is struggling to keep pace with demand, with many producers bumping up against capacity constraints and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine sharply accentuating market tightness. Prices have soared to an average of USD 105/barrel so far in 2022.Global oil use is subject to sharply conflicting pressures. Some sectors, notably aviation, are…
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Daniel Wetzel
Head of Tracking Sustainable Transitions Unit. Daniel Wetzel leads the newly created Tracking Sustainable Transitions unit within the World Energy Outlook, which tracks how policy measures are actually moving the needle on clean energy transitions, energy access, and energy employment. He was one of the lead author’s on the IEA’s Sustainable Recovery report, the IEA’s Sustainable Recovery Tracker, and coordinated IEA’s co-custodianship on Tracking Progress on Sustainable Development Goal 7.1: Universal Access. Daniel also oversees the employment and parts of the demand analysis in the annual World Energy Outlook. Prior to joining the IEA, Daniel worked at the Rocky Mountain Institute in their Beijing office, leading their Power Market Reform program, and also in Colorado, working on regional energy transition plans.
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Broader view on energy-related strategic minerals: What risks to anticipate?
…20 energy-related, multisectoral minerals to understand potential risk areas that could have major economic implications. In addition to key energy minerals such as copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite, rare earths, manganese and silicon this includes other strategic minerals such as antimony, chromium, gallium, germanium, indium, molybdenum, tantalum, tellurium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium and zirconium. Strategic mineral markets remain relatively small and opaque, making disruptions harder to detect, with far-reaching consequences on downstream consumers Price volatility is a defining feature of critical mineral markets, often stemming from the relatively small size and limited transparency of these markets. Among 20 strategic…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Achieving access for all
A roadmap for universal energy access Today around 2 billion people lack access to clean cooking and some 730 million remain without electricity – deficits which have far-reaching implications for health, economic opportunity and global development. Since 2010, 1.5 billion people have gained access to clean cooking and 1 billion to electricity, demonstrating that rapid progress is possible. Our new Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS) outlines a country-by-country pathway to universal access that draws on lessons about what has worked best in recent years. Universal clean cooking access is achieved in the ACCESS around 2040. Over 60…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on today’s policy settings
Southeast Asia becomes one of the main engines of global energy demand growth under today’s policy settings. In the Stated Policies Scenario, the region contributes around 20% of the increase in global energy demand to 2035, supported by sustained economic expansion, rapid electrification and its growing role as a global manufacturing hub. Clean energy expands, but not fast enough to displace fossil fuels. In the STEPS, clean energy meets over 40% of incremental demand growth to 2035, while fossil fuels still meet around 60%. In the Current Policies Scenario, slower policy implementation, financing constraints and power system integration challenges…
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Energy and Water
Energy and water are deeply and fundamentally connected Water is essential for almost every aspect of producing energy, from electricity generation to fossil fuel extraction to biofuels cultivation. In fact, the energy sector accounts for roughly 10% of all global freshwater withdrawals. Meanwhile, energy is crucial to maintaining global water supply. It is needed to extract water from lakes, rivers and oceans; lift groundwater from aquifers and pump it through pipes and canals; and treat water and deliver it to users.This interdependence is set to intensify in the coming years. Each resource faces rising demand and growing constraints in many…