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Fabian Voswinkel
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Executive summary
A dramatic increase in energy investment into African countries is essential Multiple recent crises have made it increasingly challenging for many African countries to raise financing to support their clean energy ambitions, despite the continent’s huge needs and rich and varied resources. Africa accounts for around 20% of the world’s population but attracts less than 2% of its spending on clean energy. In recent years, African countries have had to deal with a series of overlapping crises, including the Covid-19 pandemic, the energy and food crises following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and worsening climate risks. Borrowing…
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Delivering Sustainable Fuels Executive summary
Sustainable liquid and gaseous fuels offer multiple benefits Sustainable fuels – including liquid biofuels, biogases, low-emissions hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels – offer multiple benefits for the energy sector. They complement electrification and energy efficiency in energy transitions, and they are particularly important for sectors that continue to be reliant on fuel-based solutions such as aviation, shipping, and parts of road transport and industry. Sustainable fuels can also enhance energy security, stimulate economic development and strengthen environmental sustainability.Greater use of sustainable fuels can bolster energy security by diversifying fuel supply and reducing fossil-fuel import dependence. Sustainable fuels can…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 3. Saudi Arabia’s first green full-process heavy plate mill project
Project overview and impact Saudi Arabia is pursuing an ambitious industrial transformation under Vision 2030, including efforts to localise heavy industries, expand low-carbon manufacturing and diversify export capacity. Steel demand is expected to grow steadily due to investment in hydrogen, ammonia, shipbuilding, offshore engineering and large-scale infrastructure. However, the country currently imports nearly all of its heavy plate steel, and domestic production has lagged the needs of an economy shifting towards more capital-intensive sectors and cleaner industrial processes.A new heavy-plate complex developed jointly by China Baowu Steel Group, Saudi Aramco and the Public Investment Fund…
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Energy Industry Act (Energiewirtschaftsgesetz)
A framework policy to enhance competition, security of supply and sustainable energy production, Germanys Energy Industry Act requires electricity labelling according to type of energy source. Furthermore, this Act stipulates supplementary provisions for the access of electricity from renewable sources to the grid as well as the construction of intelligent grids including electricity storage. In 2012 the law was amended to speed up the expansion of offshore wind farms. The major focus is on a system change towards a consistent and efficient offshore grid expansion by introducing a binding offshore grid development plan. This will improve coordination of grid connections…
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Feed-in tariffs for renewable energy
In 1994 Belarus introduced a standard feed-in tariff for electricity generated using renewable energy sources, modelled on Germanys Electricity Feed Law. Renewable electricity is bought for about USD 0.08/kWh compared with a consumer price for electricity of USD 0.012/kWh.
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 5. Silk Road fund commitment in African Infrastructure Investment Fund IV
Project overview and impact Africa’s energy sector faces a persistent investment shortfall, with annual clean energy spending needing to grow more than six times by 2035 to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Equity funds have become an important channel for mobilising capital into markets where project-level financing remains constrained by high costs of capital, currency risk and a shortage of scalable, investable project structures. Against this backdrop, the Silk Road Fund (SRF) committed USD 50 million to the African Infrastructure Investment Fund IV (AIIF4) in 2023. The AIIF4 is a pan-African infrastructure fund managed by African…
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa State of play
Understanding electricity access financing As of 2024, around 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (47% of the population) did not have access to electricity. With electrification barely keeping up with population growth rates, progress remains far off the pace envisaged both by African governments and international organisations. Reaching universal access requires a cost-effective, multi-technology approach, with grid extension, mini-grids and stand-alone systems all playing a role to ensure affordable service provision to unelectrified communities. Notably, financing has been one of the primary impediments to growth.For the first time, the IEA has tracked electricity access financing commitments…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Oil
Oil demand growth remained subdued in 2025 Oil demand increased in 2025 by 0.65 mb/d (million barrels per day) or 1.2 EJ, but this 0.7% rise marked a further slowdown from 2024’s already-muted 0.75 mb/d of growth. The increase in both years was in line with IEA projections. The 2025 increase fell well short of the 2010-19 average annual rise of 1.4 mb/d, offering further evidence of a structural deceleration in oil markets.This slowdown mainly reflected weaker growth in petrochemical feedstock use. Demand for naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Overview
Global coal demand grew by 1.5% in 2024, reaching an all-time high Global coal demand rose by 1.5% in 2024 to reach 8.79 billion tonnes (Bt), a new record. The growth was the slowest annual rate since the Covid-19 crisis in 2020 caused coal demand to decline. The post-Covid economic recovery and high natural gas prices have driven a sharp rise in global coal demand in recent years, but the growth has slowed year-on-year since 2021. Coal demand grew by 7.7% in 2021, 4.4% in 2022 and 2.3% in…
