-
Amani Al-Saidi
Former Energy Data Officer.
-
Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security Executive summary
Risks to energy and economic security from high levels of concentration in critical mineral supply chains became a reality in 2025. All of the IEA’s six focus minerals – copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements – are set to see strong demand growth, driven by their central role in energy and strategic industrial applications. Yet diversification has lagged demand, with processing and refining remaining highly concentrated. Risks from concentration materialised in 2025 as new export controls threatened the supply of materials critical to strategic and economically important industries.Recent years have seen a proliferation of new policies and…
-
Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Broader view on energy-related strategic minerals: What risks to anticipate?
Many energy-related minerals are used across multiple sectors, including digital technologies, aerospace and high-performance materials While critical minerals are often associated with electrification, renewables and battery storage, their significance extends well beyond energy, underpinning a broad array of industrial and technological applications. From AI and robotics to high-performance materials and aerospace, these minerals’ contribution to industrial and technological development is increasing, with broad economic implications. The range of strategic materials with significant implications for the energy sector should not be underestimated. Superalloys – which require a diverse array of input metals – illustrate this: approximately two-thirds of global…
-
Ekta Bibra
Former Energy Technology and Transport Analyst.
-
Marine Gorner
Former Energy and Transport Analyst.
-
Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Regulating the sector
Regulation plays a critical role in accelerating the adoption of heat pumps. This chapter discusses the range of regulatory tools available to Moldova, including building codes, appliance standards, restrictions on fossil fuel heating, energy labelling and heat planning or zoning measures. Building codes and standards Buildings remain a major source of emissions and energy consumption around the world. In Moldova, households are by far the country’s biggest users of energy. Upgrades to building performance through energy codes are critical for lowering energy demand per square metre, as well as improving quality of life, reducing air pollution and making energy…
-
China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 1. Uzbekistan 1-GW Solar PV Project
Project overview and impact Uzbekistan is beginning a rapid scale-up of renewable power, and large solar projects are essential for meeting its target to increase the share of renewables to 40% of total electricity generation by 2030. This is a strikingly ambitious objective given today’s starting point: in 2023, around 90% of Uzbekistan’s electricity was produced from fossil fuels, mainly in the form of natural gas, while solar and wind together accounted for less than 1%, and renewables more broadly reached only about 10%, almost all of which came from hydropower. At the same time, electricity demand…
-
Jürgen Trittin
Member of the Bundestag and Former Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Jürgen Trittin has been a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the German parliament since 2014 and is also a deputy member of the Committee on Economic Affairs and Energy. He previously served as Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.
-
Herib Blanco
Energy Technology Analyst - Hydrogen.
-
Francesco Pavan
Energy Technology Analyst - Hydrogen.
