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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap Transport in Georgia: Taking stock
Status and key developments Transportation is a key contributor to Georgia’s economic growth. Economic activity associated with transport and warehousing in the country has grown rapidly, outpacing gross domestic product (GDP). Between 2010 and 2022, transport’s contribution to GDP nearly tripled, increasing from 1.4 billion GEL (520 million USD) to 4.1 billion GEL (1.52 billion USD). In 2023, transport and storage combined contributed 6.5% to Georgia’s GDP.Transport and storage employed around 8% of Georgia’s workforce in 2023. Cargo movements spurred by Russia’s 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine pushed up…
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Electricity 2026 Emissions
CO2 emissions from electricity generation are forecast to plateau through 2030 In 2025, global emissions from electricity generation remained flat, after increasing 1.5% and 1.4% in in the previous two years, respectively. Even with strong gains in electricity demand, growth in power sector emissions is showing marked signs of slowing down as fossil-fired generation is constrained by the rapid deployment of renewables and rising nuclear power generation. As this trend continues, we forecast global emissions from power generation to plateau over our 2026-2030 outlook period due to significant increases in clean energy sources, despite electricity demand…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Global Energy Review 2025 CO2 Emissions
Energy sector carbon emissions reached a new record in 2024 Total energy-related CO2 emissions increased by 0.8% in 2024, hitting an all-time high of 37.8 Gt CO2. This rise contributed to record atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 422.5 ppm in 2024, around 3 ppm higher than 2023 and 50% higher than pre-industrial levels. In 2024, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion grew by around 1% or 357 Mt CO2, while emissions from industrial processes declined by 2.3% or 62 Mt CO2. Emissions growth was lower than global GDP growth (+3.2%), restoring the decades-long trend of decoupling emissions…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Executive summary
…Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, trade restrictions on key products including critical minerals, several years of extreme heat affecting energy systems and conflicts affecting major energy suppliers have unfolded in successive waves over the past five years. These events have brought long-standing energy security concerns back into sharp focus while exposing new vulnerabilities. They also highlight energy’s central role in geopolitics, with recent shocks driving an exceptionally active period of energy policy-making across both conventional and emerging dimensions of security, reminiscent of the wide-ranging and extensive policy responses to the oil crises of the…
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The Future of Electricity in the Middle East and North Africa Executive summary
…osmosis technologies. Between now and 2035, cooling and desalination together are on course to account for close to 40% of projected growth in electricity demand in the MENA region, several times the global average. Other key drivers of increasing demand include industrial growth, the electrification of transport and the expansion of cities. New digital infrastructure, including data centres, and growing interest in producing hydrogen for export are also projected to be sources of rising electricity demand. Natural gas and oil dominate the electricity mix in the region today Natural gas and oil overwhelmingly dominate the electricity mix in the MENA...
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Clean energy investment landscape: setting the scene
Summary The IEA’s Africa Energy Outlook 2022 laid out a new scenario – the Sustainable Africa Scenario (SAS) – which sees the continent achieve by 2030, in full and on time, all of its energy and climate-related goals, including universal energy access and its NDCs.Realising the SAS requires mobilising over USD 200 billion annually by 2030, but energy investment has been declining in Africa and in 2022 was under USD 90 billion. Clean energy spending was a fraction of this at around USD 25 billion – only 2% of the global total despite the recent rise in global clean energy investment. This is far from what…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Electricity
…than 600 TWh (5%) in 2024, accounting for nearly 60% of total growth in electricity consumption. Key drivers included rising demand for air conditioning, which was bolstered by severe heatwaves in countries such as China and India, and demand for power from new data centres. The industry sector made up nearly 40% of total growth in electricity demand in 2024. Electricity use in industry grew by nearly 4% in 2024, a step up from the pace in 2023, driven by increased activity in electro-intensive manufacturing and industrial growth more broadly. The continued uptake of electric vehicles raised electricity consumption…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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World Energy Investment 2025 India
India is working to diversify its power generation mix by promoting investment in renewables and nuclear to meet sharply rising electricity demand Electricity demand in India has been rising sharply due to increases in commercial and residential space, a surge in ownership of air conditioners and appliances, and rising demand from industry. India has seen the third-largest growth in power generation capacity in the world after China and the United States over the past five years. While growth in power generation has come from all sources, there has been a surge in investment in renewables, led by solar PV…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Current Policies Scenario (CPS)
…in the CPS, we assume that potential constraints, whether due to insufficient infrastructure, a lack of institutional capacity or financing, or the absence of continued policy support, slow the uptake of these new technologies.The CPS sees higher levels of total energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions than our other scenarios. This should not be taken as a sign that more energy needs are met in the CPS than in the other scenarios. Slightly higher prices curtail energy service demands in some cases, for example, reducing the distances projected to be travelled by car, while the slowdown in efficiency…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Assessing the sustainable potential and cost of feedstocks for biogas and biomethane
Feedstock assessment This assessment considers over 30 types of feedstocks for biogases. They can be broadly grouped together as crop residues, animal manure, biowaste and woody biomass. We assess feedstocks that can be processed without direct competition with food for agricultural land or animal feed, and that do not have any other adverse sustainability impacts. Biogas and methane yields are key indicators of how suitable a feedstock is for energy production. Biogas yield refers to the total volume of gas produced from a feedstock through anaerobic digestion, primarily methane (CH₄) and CO₂. Methane yield, by contrast, accounts only for the…
