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Gas 2025 Executive summary
The coming LNG wave is set to profoundly transform the global gas market Following the supply shock of 2022/23, natural gas markets moved towards a gradual rebalancing in 2024 and 2025. During this period, supply fundamentals remained tight and prices stayed well above their historic levels. This limited demand growth, especially in price-sensitive Asian markets.Around 300 billion cubic metres per year of new liquefied natural gas (LNG) export capacity is expected to be added worldwide by 2030, primarily supported by liquefaction capacity expansions in the United States and Qatar. This wave of new LNG production capacity is…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Key findings
…but entirely unprecedented for natural gas. High fuel prices account for 90% of the rise in the average costs of electricity generation worldwide, natural gas alone for more than 50%. The costs of renewables and carbon dioxide have played only a marginal role, underscoring that this is a crisis where energy transitions are the solution, rather than the problem.Price and economic pressures mean that the number of people without access to modern energy is rising for the first time in a decade. Around 75 million people who recently gained access to electricity are likely to lose the ability to pay…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Progress summary dashboard
Production Electrolysers Policies Investment
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Policy and strategic actions
Highlights As global electric car markets grow, countries that are home to car manufacturing operations are faced with the challenging task of ensuring that the industry retains its domestic footprint and international revenues, or even expands downstream to become a larger supplier of final products that add more value to the economy. Among other factors, uncertainty about the pace of electrification and the cost gap with Chinese production mean most countries face tough choices as they pursue near- and long-term strategies to boost industrial competitiveness.Where the car industry aims at pursuing electrification strategies, there are public and private…
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Electricity 2026 Demand
…Flat or declining demand in many advanced economies reflected efficiency improvements across end-use sectors and industrial restructuring. Advanced economies saw overall electricity demand relatively static in 2015-2020 and their share of global growth rising only to 10% in 2020-2025. The shift to growth became apparent in 2025, when advanced economies accounted for almost 20% of additional global demand, up from 17% in 2024. We expect this share to remain close to 20% through 2030, as electricity demand continues to grow due to a combination of increasing consumption from data centres, electric vehicles, air conditioners and heat pumps…
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- Demand
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Targeted consumer support to enhance energy affordability
Many governments around the world are reacting quickly to protect consumers from increasing fuel prices. In the days following the conflict in the Middle East, the IEA has tracked announcements from around 40 countries that are deploying or considering deploying emergency measures to shelter consumers from price increases. Immediate government responses have been to implement price caps, fuel subsidies and shifts in taxation, along with price stabilisation mechanisms that can quickly set limits on consumer price increases. Previous crises, including the Covid-19 pandemic and the 2022 energy crisis, demonstrated that impacts often fall disproportionately on the poorer segments of…
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Policy options to accelerate distributed solar PV in Ukraine Policy options and implications
Overview of policy instruments for distributed solar PV deployment Globally, government policies and incentives have been the main driver for distributed PV deployment. These instruments can be differentiated between 1) policies targeting investment costs and 2) policies focusing on consumption and the sale of electricity.Policies targeting investment costs usually take the form of direct financial incentives that aim to reduce initial investment costs and make distributed PV systems more affordable for consumers. They include:Grants and rebates: a fixed subsidy, usually with a one-time payment.Tax credits: amounts taxpayers can subtract from taxes, usually based on a percentage…
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Coal 2025 Trade
…decline in 2025 International coal trade grew by 3% in 2024, reaching a new record of 1 544 Mt. This growth was driven by increases in both thermal coal (up 26 Mt to 1 176 Mt) and met coal (up 21 Mt to 368 Mt). Coal trade accounted for approximately 18% of global coal demand, with thermal coal making up more than three-quarters of total traded volumes. Seaborne trade continued to dominate, representing over 90% of global coal trade in 2024.The Asia Pacific region further strengthened its dominance, accounting for 85% of global coal imports in 2024. China led global imports in 2024 with 548 Mt…
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Energy and AI Understanding the energy-AI nexus
…largest technology companies. From November 2022 – when ChatGPT launched – to the end of 2024, 65% of the growth in market capitalisation of the S&P 500 came from companies that either deploy AI or integrate AI into their core operations. That is, of the USD 16 trillion rise in market capitalisation of S&P 500 companies, USD 12 trillion came from AI-related companies alone. This period was marked by a surge in AI-related investor expectations before the recent volatility in financial markets. AI-focused start-ups in the United States have also grown in value faster than non-AI start-ups. In 2024, by the…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in the electric car industry
…the country’s total output, followed by Japanese and EU OEMs contributing equally to the remaining 30%. Meanwhile, Canada’s output paled in comparison to its neighbours, remaining constant from 2023 at 25 000 vehicles.Electric car production also increased in Asia Pacific countries other than China to reach about 1 million. While incumbent carmakers such as Japan’s Toyota and Korea’s Hyundai were behind most of the region’s output, emerging EV players like VinFast in Viet Nam or Tata in India were responsible for an increasing share of production, growing from 10% in 2023 to 15% in 2024. In In...
