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Global EV Policy Explorer
Key policies and measures that support the deployment of electric and zero-emission vehicles
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Introduction
…capacity available to the market – namely as a result of the sharp drop in Russian supply to Europe – developing alternative flexibility and reserve options in the global gas and LNG market will be essential in better preparing for future gas supply shocks.Second, although the concurrent needs of the world’s two largest LNG import regions – Asia and Europe – led to zero-sum competition for LNG volumes at the peak of the 2022-2023 crisis, fostering co-operation and co-ordination among like-minded importers and responsible suppliers can help ease the detrimental effects of competitive pressure from future shocks…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is becoming an increasingly important part of the global energy system. The region accounts for 9% of the world’s population and 4% of its GDP. Energy use has risen sharply since 2015, supported by industrialisation, urbanisation, rising incomes and expanding mobility needs. This growth has helped underpin economic development and wider access to modern energy, but it has also increased exposure to global fuel markets and added to emissions. The current Middle East crisis has tested Southeast Asia’s energy security and affordability, exposing the limits of short-term responses. The region was heavily exposed to Middle…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Broader view on energy-related strategic minerals: What risks to anticipate?
Many energy-related minerals are used across multiple sectors, including digital technologies, aerospace and high-performance materials While critical minerals are often associated with electrification, renewables and battery storage, their significance extends well beyond energy, underpinning a broad array of industrial and technological applications. From AI and robotics to high-performance materials and aerospace, these minerals’ contribution to industrial and technological development is increasing, with broad economic implications. The range of strategic materials with significant implications for the energy sector should not be underestimated. Superalloys – which require a diverse array of input metals – illustrate this: approximately two-thirds of global…
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Paul Lucchese
Chair of IEA Hydrogen TCP.
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Electricity 2026 Demand
The Age of Electricity has arrived, underpinned by strong demand growth As the Age of Electricity moves apace, demand is on a solid upward trajectory in our five-year forecast period from 2026 to 2030. Amid robust growth, the next five years will add on average 50% more electricity demand per year than over the past decade. The brisk pace will be supported by growing industries, electric vehicles, space cooling, and data centres, among many other end uses. Electricity consumption is now projected to grow at least 2.5 times faster than overall energy demand, hastening the world’s transition…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Policy mechanisms for diversified mineral supplies
Increasing cost pressures in operations outside dominant producers pose risks to diversification and sustainability efforts Supply chains for key energy minerals are highly concentrated, creating strong incentives for policymakers to build more secure and resilient supply chains through greater diversification. This concentration is often underpinned by network efforts, lower costs, and, in many cases, by relatively energy- and emissions-intensive processes. Capital expenditures for mining and refining in regions outside the dominant player are typically 50% higher than those within the top producing country. These producers also often face higher all-in sustaining costs, making it difficult to remain profitable…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Executive summary
Fundamental shifts are reshaping global car markets The car industry is undergoing profound changes as electric car sales continue to rise and the geography of global car sales shifts. Global car sales approached 80 million in 2024 and have largely bounced back from their pandemic-related slump. Recent growth has been exclusively driven by sales of electric and hybrid cars, which made up around 30% of total car sales in 2024, while global sales of pure internal combustion engine (ICE) cars peaked in 2017 and have since fallen by 30%. By contrast, electric car sales grew more than 14-fold over…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 How can energy efficiency alleviate rising heatwave-driven electricity demand?
Another year of high temperatures leads to new electricity demand records and power outages Global temperatures have reached new heights in recent years. 2023 was the warmest year on record, and 2024 is on track to beat it. The frequency and intensity of heatwaves are increasing, causing extreme temperatures of up to 50ºC in some regions, with multiple national temperature records broken during 2024. Ensuring that cooling needs are met is of primary importance. The extreme temperatures are driving strong demand for much-needed cooling technologies such as air conditioners. However, these are also pushing up electricity use to record…
