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            • Oil Market Report - June 2026

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                • Country report

                • Nov 2025

                Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Sustainable transport in ArmeniaSustainable transport in Armenia

                …Yerevan, the capital, is the largest city with approximately 1 million inhabitants.Armenia’s economy has undergone numerous reforms since the economic crisis of the early to mid-1990s. It has transitioned from a Soviet-era, centrally planned economy to a partially market-oriented one, with most enterprises now privately owned. Foreign capital investment began in the early 2000s and has been an important contributor to economic growth. In 2024, gross domestic product (GDP) stood at USD 25.8 billion.Armenia became a member of the European Union’s Eastern Partnership in 2009 and has been an observer to the…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Sustainable transport in ArmeniaSustainable transport in Armenia
                • Accelerating sustainable transportAccelerating sustainable transport
                • Policy recommendations and milestonesPolicy recommendations and milestones
                Shutterstock 2544985873 - Aerial view of Yerevan
                • Policy report

                • Jun 2026

                Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit AppliancesAppliances

                …programmes can lower the upfront costs of investing in appliances and can persuade consumers to buy more efficient products, while motivating technology suppliers to innovate and produce high efficiency alternatives. By offering incentives, policy makers can accelerate the transition to highly efficient appliances. ​More information​This toolkit provides an overview of the most important elements of each policy instrument, but you can find more by exploring additional resources. IEA Appliance Energy Efficiency Policy online trainingIEA TCEP for Appliances and EquipmentUnited for Efficiency (U4E) Energy Efficient AppliancesIEA Energy Efficiency 2024IEA 4E TCP Annual Report 2024IEA & 4E Programme AchievementsCLASP World’s Best MEPS

                • The Energy Efficiency Policy PackageThe Energy Efficiency Policy Package
                • Financing Energy EfficiencyFinancing Energy Efficiency
                • BuildingsBuildings
                • AppliancesAppliances
                • + 6 pages

                Iea Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit 2025 Shutterstock 2522508943
                • Technology report

                • Nov 2025

                What Next for the Global Car Industry Pathways to global EV cost-competitivenessPathways to global EV cost-competitiveness

                Highlights The gap in competitiveness in electric car manufacturing between new market-entrants located in China and incumbents in other countries has grown in the past 5 years. Battery electric car production costs are over 30% lower in China than in advanced economies, and around a third of the difference can be attributed to the battery. However, a similar production cost gap exists for conventional cars. Battery cell prices are, on average, over 30% lower in China than in Europe and over 20% lower than in the United States. Reducing the manufacturing cost gap is possible – half is due to efficiency…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • The global car industry in contextThe global car industry in context
                • The importance of the growth in EV sales for the car industryThe importance of the growth in EV sales for the car industry
                • Present and future prospects of electric car manufacturingPresent and future prospects of electric car manufacturing
                • + 4 pages

                What Next for the Global Car Industry shutterstock 1253361706
                • Country

                Serbia

                In Serbia, the National Renewable Energy Action Plan set targets of renewable energy sources use until 2020, as well as the pathway to achieve them. Among other things, it enhances investments towards the development of renewables.
                Data for Serbia includes Montenegro until 2004.

                • OverviewOverview
                • Energy mixEnergy mix
                • EmissionsEmissions
                • ElectricityElectricity
                • + 5 pages

                Serbia Flag
                • Energy system

                Smart Grids

                Country and regional highlights
                Several major economies have announced substantial new funding to modernise and digitalise their electricity grids
                Deployment
                Clean, reliable and resilient electricity systems need smart grids more than ever
                Innovation
                Digital infrastructure in electricity grids is growing
                Investment
                Investment in electricity grids is growing, with more ambitious network plans to facilitate the electrification of the economy and the integration of renewables
                International collaboration

                Shutterstock 551415346
                • Fuel report

                • Nov 2025

                Energy Efficiency 2025 TransportTransport

                …infrastructure support including charging and battery swapping stations, tax exemptions and financial support can accelerate their deployment.For heavy-duty trucks, fuel economy standards play a key role. Countries where standards are already in place can increase their stringency to scale up progress. Others can start by setting standards now to avoid inefficient vehicles entering the market and to accelerate the shift to electric models are fleets are renewed.  Notes: Bubble sizes give an indication of the relevance of each measure within the country grouping (classified as high, moderate, low and very low). The classification is based on multiple factor...

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • IndustryIndustry
                • BuildingsBuildings
                • TransportTransport
                Cover Photo EEMR25
                • Country report

                • Nov 2025

                Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Policy recommendations and milestonesPolicy recommendations and milestones

                As Armenia shifts toward a sustainable transport sector, a clear roadmap with structured policy recommendations and milestones is essential. To be sure, the transition faces challenges ranging from geopolitical risks to resource limitations. However, it also offers significant opportunities to lower CO2 emissions, improve transport accessibility for people and businesses, enhance regional and international connectivity and wean Armenia from its dependence on imported fossil fuels.In the summary below, the recommendations offered in this roadmap have been grouped into three categories to help the government prioritise its actions effectively and ensure a systematic transition toward low-carbon mobility. Each category…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Sustainable transport in ArmeniaSustainable transport in Armenia
                • Accelerating sustainable transportAccelerating sustainable transport
                • Policy recommendations and milestonesPolicy recommendations and milestones
                Shutterstock 2544985873 - Aerial view of Yerevan
                • Contributor

                Kira West

                Former World Energy Outlook Analyst.

                • Data tool

                • 13 Aug 2025

                Real-Time Electricity Tracker

                Explore and compare real-time data on electricity demand, generation and spot prices, trade, and CO2 emissions from more than 50 sources

                Data explorers
                • Contributor

                Elie Bellevrat

                Former WEO Energy analyst.

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