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Global Energy Review 2026 Global trends
Demand for all fuels and technologies grew in 2025 Global energy demand grew by 1.3%, or 8 exajoules (EJ), in 2025. This represents a notable slowdown in energy demand growth from 2024, when it increased by 2%. A range of factors explain this. Firstly, although the global economic expansion remained robust, the rate of growth was slightly slower than in 2024, with slower growth in energy-intensive industries in some regions. Secondly, lower temperatures relative to 2024 led to lower cooling demand. Thirdly, energy intensity improvements accelerated.All energy sources contributed to meeting global energy demand growth in 2025…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Roberta Quadrelli
Head of Data and Indicators on Energy Transitions.
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Clean Efficient Cooking
Clean Efficient Cooking
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Executive summary
Demand for key energy minerals continued to grow strongly in 2024. Lithium demand rose by nearly 30%, significantly exceeding the 10% annual growth rate seen in the 2010s. Demand for nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earths increased by 6‑8% in 2024. This growth was largely driven by energy applications such as electric vehicles, battery storage, renewables and grid networks. In the case of copper, the rapid expansion of grid investments in China has been the single largest contributor to demand growth over the past two years. For battery metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt and graphite, the energy sector accounted…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Source, flows and destination of global energy-related investment spending
Most energy investment is supported by commercial finance and made by private sponsors, but the sources of finance vary widely by technology and region. Today, 75% of the available finance for investment in the energy sector is commercial finance, but domestic and international public finance play important roles that vary widely across regions and sectors.
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Benjamin Gallezot
Interministerial Delegate for Strategic Minerals and Metals Supplies.
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Implications of CPS and STEPS
Between continuity and change By 2035, energy demand in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS) is around 35 exajoules (EJ) higher than in the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), a difference roughly equivalent to the current annual energy demand of the Middle East. All the extra energy required in the CPS compared to the STEPS comes from oil, natural gas and coal. In the absence of renewed geopolitical disruptions, markets for oil and natural gas appear well supplied in the coming years. But production from existing oil fields declines at a rate of 8% per year, if no investment is made, so it…
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Sybel Galván Gómez
Permanent Representative of Mexico to the OECD. Ms Galván holds a BA in Economics, a diploma in Advance Econometrics from the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), and a Master in Public Policy from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. She started her professional career in 1993 as advisor to the Vice Minister of Public Revenue at the Ministry of Finance, where she was involved in the project of the Mexican Central Bank Autonomy and in customs surveillance.From 1994 to 2002, she held different positions at Banco de México, the Mexican Central Bank, among them Head of the Department on Financial Credits Markets Survey. From 2002 to 2012, Ms Galván was Counsellor for Economic, Financial and Fiscal Affairs at the Permanent Representation of Mexico to the OECD.Prior to taking up her duties as Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Mexico to the OECD in 2019, Ms. Galván held the position of Director General of Analysis and Statistics at CONSAR, the ...
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Miguel Cárdenas Rodríguez
Former Statistician.
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Global Energy Review 2025 Key findings
Global energy demand grew by 2.2% in 2024 – faster than the average rate over the past decade. Demand for all fuels and technologies expanded in 2024. The increase was led by the power sector as electricity demand surged by 4.3%, well above the 3.2% growth in global GDP, driven by record temperatures, electrification and digitalisation. Renewables accounted for the largest share of the growth in global energy supply (38%), followed by natural gas (28%), coal (15%), oil (11%) and nuclear (8%).Emerging and developing economies accounted for over 80% of global energy demand growth. In China, growth…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
