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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Small and Medium Enterprises
Small and Medium Enterprises
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in the electric car industry
…manufacturing region, the European Union, production stagnated at 2.4 million cars in 2024, but surpassed domestic sales by more than 5%. Domestic carmakers were behind nearly 80% of the region’s total output, but there were contrasting trends among EU OEMs. While German OEMs marked a 5% year-on-year increase in their EU output, other EU OEMs (Stellantis and Renault) saw their regional production drop by over 15%, producing about 420 000 electric cars, or less than 20% of the region’s output. Meanwhile, there was a sixfold increase in EU production by US OEMs between 2021 and 2024, predominantly led…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in electric car affordability
…2024. In contrast, in Germany, the price of electric SUVs slightly increased in 2024, despite their battery pack prices declining 20%. This suggests that the battery pack price is not the only factor influencing EV prices: other component manufacturing costs, trim levels and carmakers’ pricing strategies also play a significant role. Availability of a wide range of affordable EV models will be key to unlocking mass-market adoption. In 2024, there were fewer BEV models available than ICEV models in the United States and Europe, and the range was skewed towards higher-end models with higher prices. Conversely, in China, the…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Present and future prospects of electric car manufacturing
Highlights New market-entrants focusing on electric car production are expanding rapidly. Pure-play electric car makers, especially those from China and US-based Tesla, are capturing a growing share of sales; some 45% of global electric car sales in 2024 are from pure-play electric car makers, compared to 35% in 2019. The growth in electric car sales affects both car makers and automotive suppliers, especially those producing powertrains and related components. The automotive supplier market is worth about USD 1.3 trillion, equivalent to over 40% of the global car market. For all components except batteries, companies from…
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Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Trinidad and Tobago Flag]()
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Ultra-fast charging batteries
…of the current, it reduces them by 75%.An electric vehicle battery pack is composed of hundreds or thousands of battery cells, each typically operating at a voltage of around 3-4 volts (V). These cells can be connected in series or in parallel, with series configurations increasing the overall pack voltage to the required level. Most battery electric cars on the market today operate with battery systems of around 400 V, which has long been considered a suitable compromise between charging performance and battery pack complexity, cost and reliability. However, the increasing availability of ultra‑fast charging infrastructure, alongside improvements in…
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Peter Zeniewski
Senior Energy Analyst. Dr. Peter Zeniewski is a Senior Energy Analyst at the IEA. His main area of focus is the outlook for natural gas and LNG – covering long-term assessments of supply, demand, trade, investment and pricing. He has also led projects on energy affordability, biogases, India’s energy outlook, and emissions from oil and gas supply. Prior to joining the IEA, Peter was a Chancellor’s Fellow at the University of Edinburgh and held positions at the European Commission and Wood Mackenzie. He holds a PhD in International Relations from the University of Oxford.
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Ukraine’s Energy Security As Ukraine heads into another heating season, six measures can help improve energy security
…Strategic stockpiles, both in Ukraine and neighbouring countries, could expedite the delivery of emergency equipment while ensuring that not all stockpiles could be targeted. Finally, stronger coordination between Ukraine’s energy sector stakeholders and the State Customs Service to anticipate new equipment imports and adjust regulations – particularly for dual-use energy equipment – would allow them to reach their destinations sooner. Action 2: Further increase and decentralise power supply It is more complicated and costlier for Russia to target and attack wind turbines and small gas plants, for example, than larger, more centralised power plants. As a result, continuing to decentralise…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Electric vehicle batteries
…accounted for about 8% of global EV battery deployment in 2025, up from less than 5% in 2024.Regionally, EV battery deployment expanded in China (60% of global) and the European Union (almost 15%) in 2025, while it stagnated in the United States (10%). Growth in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) other than China also continued – they represented 6% of global EV battery deployment in 2025, highlighting the increasingly global nature of road transport electrification.In 2025, the average battery size of battery electric cars remained broadly stable in the European Union and China, at close to 70 kWh and below 60 kWh, respectively…
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Maria da Graça Carvalho
Minister for Environment and Energy.
