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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2026 Executive summary
The next phase of international collaboration is focused on delivery With long-term goals and sectoral targets established in many countries, the focus of international energy and climate collaboration has shifted. The primary priority of collaboration is no longer articulating new commitments, but delivering outcomes within this decade. This shift has been most prominent in recent international processes, including the Conference of the Parties (COP), where the focus has moved towards mechanisms and initiatives intended to support delivery across sectors of the global economy.In addition to emissions reductions, many governments are considering energy transitions for reasons of energy security…
- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Financial institutions and transition finance
A complementary source of finance for transitions Transition finance rests on a practical partnership between corporates and financiers. Successful transitions need finance that goes where the emissions are; this means moving beyond the top performers and working with corporates with material environmental footprints that commit to transition strategies. A common alternative strategy, in which financial institutions simply shift emissions off their balance sheets, creates “financial carbon leakage” and does not reduce real-economy emissions.An IEA survey of financial institutions revealed that differences in regional taxonomies and frameworks pose challenges for cross-border financing. At the same time, it highlighted…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Five key questions about hydrogen
Is the slow progress of projects derailing the hydrogen sector? Recent headlines reporting project delays, cancellations and downward revisions of ambitions for the adoption of low-emissions hydrogen, have led many to question whether the industry has hit another “hype cycle” like those in the 1970s, 1990s, and early 2000s. However, a deeper analysis reveals a different story. Despite falling short of the ambitious targets from the early 2020s, the sector is achieving remarkable milestones that demonstrate clear progress.The scale of electrolyser projects is growing fast. In 2021, the world's largest reached 30 MW. In 2025, a 500 MW project…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Production prospects to 2030
Only a small fraction of the total project pipeline can realistically start operating by 2030, highlighting policy gaps The potential low-emissions hydrogen production from announced projects that could be available by 2030 has declined compared to in Global Hydrogen Review 2024. With only five years to 2030, and taking into account typical development cycles, which stretch from three to six years, realising the full pipeline of projects seems very difficult. In addition, we estimate that half of the announced projects face deferred start dates compared to the commercial operation date announced by developers. Delays are particularly acute among electrolyser projects…
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Purpose and Development of the Handbook
A flexible contextual approach The Indicators Handbook complements the Blueprint for Action as a flexible, pragmatic and evidence-based resource to provide guidance on tracking the implementation of the G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions.Each chapter corresponds to one of the G20 principles. For each principle, the Handbook presents emerging practices and approaches from several country case studies, illustrating both indicators and methodologies for tracking progress, monitoring effectiveness and designing better policies. Each chapter also includes lessons learned from international experience and key considerations relevant to measuring the specific issues associated with the principle.The indicators proposed for…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Policy mechanisms for diversified mineral supplies
Increasing cost pressures in operations outside dominant producers pose risks to diversification and sustainability efforts Supply chains for key energy minerals are highly concentrated, creating strong incentives for policymakers to build more secure and resilient supply chains through greater diversification. This concentration is often underpinned by network efforts, lower costs, and, in many cases, by relatively energy- and emissions-intensive processes. Capital expenditures for mining and refining in regions outside the dominant player are typically 50% higher than those within the top producing country. These producers also often face higher all-in sustaining costs, making it difficult to remain profitable…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Trade and infrastructure
Highlights Trade is a major driver of project announcements. Nearly 45% of low-emissions hydrogen from announced production projects is intended for export, exceeding 16 Mtpa H₂-eq by 2030 if all materialise. Yet export-oriented projects are less likely to reach the investment stage, with only 5% having done so. These projects tend to be large scale, lacking off-takers. More than half are in emerging and developing economies, where affordable capital and export infrastructure may be limited.Some governments are supporting the large-scale offtake of low-emissions hydrogen by providing funds for long-term premiums through competitive auctions. However…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Financing the transition
This chapter considers the economics of heat pumps versus gas boilers and biomass stoves. It explores the role of grants and subsidies and how these affect the lifetime cost of owning a heat pump compared to other heating technologies. Different policy options are then discussed, including potential avenues for multi-lateral policy support at both national and local levels. As previously mentioned, a main barrier to heat pump adoption is the high upfront cost relative to prevailing heating technologies. Governments can help to lower this hurdle through mechanisms such as upfront subsidies or grants and low-interest loans. Another way…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Road transport fuels
Road transport accounts for around 45% of global oil demand, ranging from a third in Korea up to two-thirds in some countries in Europe and Latin America. In advanced economies, passenger cars dominate road transport demand, accounting for around 60% of road energy use. Trucks make up most of the remainder. In emerging economies, there is also a significant role for two/three-wheelers (scooters, motorcycles and tricycles), which account for around 5% of road transport demand and are more numerous than cars in many countries. The share of energy use in medium and heavy freight trucks is also…
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Qatar
Qatar is a major producer and exporter of natural gas, oil and oil products. Its domestic oil and gas productions entirely cover the country’s energy needs.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Qatar Flag]()
