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World Energy Investment 2025 Eurasia
…Russia have significantly affected the energy sector by limiting access to advanced drilling technologies, foreign capital and technical expertise from western companies. Investment in renewables has remained low in Eurasia, despite a generally favourable resource base for wind and solar. However, there are some signs of change. Uzbekistan, for example, is looking to install more than 20 GW of renewable capacity by 2030, and there are also export-oriented initiatives under discussion for renewables-based electricity via a Green Energy Corridor. The region is also an important centre for nuclear power, with Russia a leader in nuclear energy design and construction…
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World Energy Investment 2025 How we track investment in energy
…data for energy demand, supply and trade, and estimates of unit capacity costs, analysis of which benefits from extensive interaction with industry. By default, investment data are given in year 2024 US dollars, adjusted using country-level gross domestic product (GDP) deflators and 2024 exchange rates. Unless otherwise stated, all time series and historical comparisons are presented in real 2024 US dollar terms, adjusted for inflation.This investment approach mirrors real-world practices and aligns with capital expenditure in financial reporting. In reality, time lags and varied spending occur between FID and project operation. Where possible, financial and energy performance…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…roads is now electric. Europe saw sales stagnate in 2024 as subsidy schemes and other supportive policies waned, but the sales share of electric cars remained around 20% as stronger sales in some countries compensated for lower sales in others. In the United States, electric car sales grew by about 10% year-on-year, reaching more than 1 in 10 cars sold. Emerging markets in Asia and Latin America are becoming new centres of growth, with electric car sales jumping by over 60% in 2024 to almost 600 000 – about the size of the European market 5 years earlier. In Southeast Asia…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Road transport
State of the transition Emissions Road sector emissions were just over 6 Gt CO₂ in 2024, 8% higher than in 2015. Growth averaged only 0.2% annually from 2019 to 2024, down from 1.7% per year between 2015 and 2019.Over 60% of road emissions are from passenger cars or vans, followed by trucks (about one-third), and buses and 2/3 wheelers just 7%.Since 2015, emissions in emerging economies (excluding China) have risen sharply, at over 18%, compared to 2.5% in the rest of the world. Cost Closing the purchase price gap between electric and conventional…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Outlook for electric mobility
Vehicle outlook by mode By 2035, the fleet of EVs across all vehicle types except two/three-wheelers (2/3Ws) exceeds 450 million globally in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS) – more than five times as many EVs as there were at the end of 2025. CO2 and fuel economy standards, especially for new light-duty vehicles (LDVs), are the main driver of rising EV sales outside of the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”). In China and a few other emerging markets, the competitive economics of EVs already support continued adoption in the CPS. Elsewhere, however, EV sales stall, particularly…
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Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa Executive summary
…minerals – notably copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite, and rare earth elements – the combined market value of which exceeded USD 230 billion in 2024. Nascent markets for low-emissions materials and chemicals like steel, aluminium and ammonia could see steep growth rates in the future, depending on how quickly related technologies and supply chains develop over the coming years.The economic rewards associated with these supply chains are – as yet – distributed very unevenly between countries. Africa as a whole currently captures less than 1% of the value generated from the manufacturing of clean energy technologies and their components. This is despite supplying large…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Africa
…reductions have improved the competitiveness of clean energy and solar PV now represents the least-cost source of power in many African countries. This has led to a tripling of private sector clean energy investment, rising from around USD 17 billion in 2019 to almost USD 40 billion in 2024. Public and development finance (DFI) funding for energy projects in Africa has fallen by approximately one-third in the last ten years, reaching USD 20 billion in 2024, largely due to a reduction of more than 85% in spending by Chinese DFIs. While representing a small share of overall spending…
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Korea 2025 Executive summary
…Despite robust growth in gross domestic product (GDP), Korea has managed to stabilise and reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in recent years following a peak around 2018. Nonetheless, it faces challenges in fully decoupling emissions from economic growth. Notable among these challenges is the continued reliance on coal and the need for further expanding renewable energy technologies.Addressing Korea’s challenges will require sustained policy efforts, domestic and international co-operation, and technological innovation. In 2021, the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis (Carbon Neutrality Act) enshrined the country’s 2050 net zero…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Nuclear
In 2025, 3 GW of new nuclear capacity came online, with China, India and Russia each completing work on a new reactor. However, these additions were offset by the retirement of 3 GW of nuclear capacity, two-thirds of which was in Belgium. In total, global nuclear capacity remained at 420 GW at the end of 2025, with reactors in operation in over 30 countries. There were ten construction starts in 2025 – nine in China and one in Russia – with a total capacity of 12.2 GW. Over the past decade, 94% of nuclear reactors that started construction were of…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Regional snapshots
Policymakers have woken up to these energy security challenges with a wave of new policy initiatives Governments around the world are intensifying efforts to secure critical mineral supplies through public funding, strategic partnerships and domestic policy reforms. In Europe, regulatory support and investments have ramped up to support critical mineral supply, supported by national investment funds and cross-border partnerships. North America is leveraging financial incentives to stimulate private-sector investment. Latin America, rich in critical minerals, is projected to reach USD 154 billion in mining and refining value amid regulatory reforms to attract foreign capital. China, already dominant, is…
