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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on targets and pledges
Achieving Southeast Asia’s announced energy and climate pledges would bring forward a structural shift in the region’s energy system. In the Announced Pledges Scenario, total energy demand grows by around 2% per year to 2035, as stronger efficiency gains and electrification weaken the link between economic growth and energy consumption. Clean energy meets most incremental demand growth, raising its share in the energy mix to around 30% by 2035.Fossil fuel demand peaks before 2035 across all major fuels in the APS, in contrast to continued growth under today’s policy settings. Coal demand peaks around 390 Mtce…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Key findings
No sign that global energy-related methane emissions fell in 2025 despite progress in some areas The fossil fuel sector accounts for around 35% of methane emissions from human activity, yet there is still no sign that methane emissions from fossil fuel operations are falling, despite well-known and proven mitigation pathways. Oil, gas and coal production output reached record highs in 2025, and the International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that methane emissions from these activities total 124 million tonnes (Mt) a year: oil is the largest source at 45 Mt, followed by coal at 43 Mt, and natural gas at 36 Mt. A…
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Tamara Babayan
Senior Energy Specialist, World Bank.
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Fossil Fuel Subsidies
This approach compares average end-user prices paid by consumers with reference prices that correspond to the full cost of supply. The price gap is the amount by which an end-use price is short of the reference price. Its existence indicates the presence of a subsidy. In a given economy, the basic calculation of subsidies for a product is:Subsidy = (Reference price - End-user price) × Units consumedThese calculations require substantial data. End-user price and consumption data are drawn from IEA data and, where necessary, from government sources and other reports. The estimates are also sensitive to reference…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry The importance of the growth in EV sales for the car industry
Highlights In 2024, more than one-fifth of all cars sold globally were electric. Policies remain key to growth in many regions, although falling prices make affordability an increasingly important driver. In China, two-thirds of battery electric cars sold in 2024 were cheaper than internal combustion engine (ICE) equivalents. In other major markets like Europe and North America, electric cars remain more expensive on average. But prices have been falling in many emerging economies on the back of affordable Chinese imports; in Southeast Asia, this helped push the share of electric car sales to 9% in 2024, almost double…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Overview and key findings
Ten questions on the future of energy The Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) and the Current Policies Scenario (CPS) present two views on how the energy system may evolve, building on different assumptions regarding today’s policies and technologies. Both scenarios see continued increases in energy demand to 2050, albeit at different speeds, with emerging market and developing economies driving the increase, led by India and Southeast Asia. Differences in the pace at which new technologies are brought into the energy system are reflected in the trajectories for fossil fuels. In the CPS, oil and natural gas demand continue to grow…
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Electricity 2026 Grids
Grids are emerging as a bottleneck for connecting supply, demand and storage A lack of grid capacity is emerging as a critical bottleneck in many regions, driving higher levels of congestion and slowing the deployment of new electricity generation, storage and demand. Grid connection queues have reached record levels worldwide. In response, this year’s report examines the range of measures that regulators and system operators are adopting to “move fast and connect things”: enabling more capacity to be integrated more quickly through regulatory reforms and deployment of technologies that can deliver rapid grid upgrades. Greater demand-side participation and…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Cement
Cement
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Government energy spending
Government energy spending declined as affordability measures were rolled back after 2022 crisis, though investment support continues above historical levels The energy sector has historically accounted for a relatively small share of government budgets, averaging around 1% in most countries. Over the past five years, however, government spending on energy has doubled compared with 2019 levels, reaching around 1.4% of total direct government expenditure in 2025. Levels have varied by country, with some reaching up to 5% of general expenditure. Although spending fell from its peak in 2023, disbursements in 2024 and 2025 remained significantly higher than in the…
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Portugal 2026 Executive summary
Thanks to steady expansion of hydropower, wind power generation and solar photovoltaics (PV) in recent years, Portugal has one of the lowest carbon intensities of electricity generation among IEA Member countries. Portugal is entering a mid‑transition that requires managing two interconnected energy systems that are moving in opposite directions: one is based on renewables and electrification and must scale up rapidly; the other is a legacy fossil fuel system that must decline in an orderly way to avoid stranded assets and price shocks. Electricity is becoming the central pillar of energy security and the main driver of emissions reductions.Portugal…
