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Oman
Oman’s energy supply is entirely generated by nationally-produced natural gas and oil products and the country is a large exporter of oil and gas. The government has recently launched the “Residential PV Initiative" to foster the private use of solar PV.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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The Middle East and Global Energy Markets
…the wake of the largest oil supply disruption in history, Brent futures – the global benchmark for crude prices – rose steeply, peaking at more than 60% above pre-conflict levels in late April. Prices pulled back in late May and early June as strategic stock releases and demand weakness eased market tightness, and after the United States and Iran announced an interim agreement to end hostilities. Physical crude markets continue to reflect acute supply tightness as refiners scramble to replace lost Middle Eastern cargoes with alternative supplies. Prices for certain oil products – notably diesel, jet fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)…
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Ethiopia
In Ethiopia, while electricity reaches less than half of the population, great progress has been made over the past two decades. The National Electrification Program, launched in 2017, outlines a plan to reach universal access by 2025, aiming to supply 35% of the population with off-grid solutions. Meanwhile, Ethiopia is diversifying its hydro-dominated installed generation mix in favour of solar, wind and geothermal to pursue a more climate-resilient power system and reach economic development objectives.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Bahrain
Bahrain's energy supply comes largely from the exploitation of its domestic fossil fuels resources. The country is also a major producer and exporter of oil, petroleum products and natural gas.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Road transport
State of the transition Emissions Road sector emissions were just over 6 Gt CO₂ in 2024, 8% higher than in 2015. Growth averaged only 0.2% annually from 2019 to 2024, down from 1.7% per year between 2015 and 2019.Over 60% of road emissions are from passenger cars or vans, followed by trucks (about one-third), and buses and 2/3 wheelers just 7%.Since 2015, emissions in emerging economies (excluding China) have risen sharply, at over 18%, compared to 2.5% in the rest of the world. Cost Closing the purchase price gap between electric and conventional…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Bolivia
A quarter of the electricity generated in Bolivia comes from renewables. On the other hand, 12% of the population still does not have access to electricity. The government has launched the Bolivia Electric Plan 2020-2025 to support the expansion of the electricity grid with a strong emphasis on renewables.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Bolivia Flag]()
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Coal 2025 Investments in coal projects and emissions abatement
…promote production and demand, which is expanding the project pipeline.Activity in mergers and acquisitions, which was driven by high coal prices between 2022 and 2024, slowed significantly in 2025. Nevertheless, some transactions have gone ahead, notably in Queensland, Australia. In 2024, BHP and Mitsubishi divested from the Blackwater and Daunia met coal mines and sold them to Whitehaven Coal Ltd, which later sold 30% of its stake in Blackwater to Nippon Steel (20%) and JFE Steel (10%). Stanmore also sold part of the southern section of its Wards Well coal deposit to Peabody in late 2024 and acquired Eagle…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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Advancing Methane Emissions Reductions by National Oil Companies
National oil companies (NOCs) are responsible for around half of all global oil and gas production today and their actions strongly influence methane abatement prospects. More than 30 NOCs have joined the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter (OGDC) and are engaging in initiatives to tackle methane emissions and flaring. There is a major opportunity for NOCs looking to implement best practices in methane management to learn from the experience of peers in order to deploy strategies that are adapted and tailored to their circumstances. Best practices include adopting measures to limit flaring and venting, implementing leak detection and repair programmes…
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Colombia 2023 Executive summary
…average of 30%).The government continues to expand non-conventional renewable energy, largely through long-term auctions for large-scale solar and wind developments. Extensive renewables potential in the La Guajira region should help advance rural electrification and close the energy access gap. Concentrated in the northern regions, which has a 50 gigawatt (GW) offshore wind potential, renewables can also provide the clean energy needed to jump-start Colombia’s hydrogen production. Colombia’s geothermal development also enjoys substantial potential along the Pacific ring of fire.In 2023, work is under way on updating the National Energy Plan (PEN) towards 2050…
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Financing CCUS at Scale Executive summary
…double by 2030 – and even more projects are at the planning stage.These developments represent significant milestones for a sector in which projects are complex, difficult to finance and faced with unique risks. At its core, the challenge for CCUS is commercial viability. In contrast to other clean energy technologies, CCUS manages CO2 – a product with little intrinsic market value and limited standalone demand. This fundamental constraint is compounded by several distinctive risks. As new business models develop around hubs or CCUS services, project developers must co-ordinate capture facilities, transport infrastructure and storage sites across a connected value chain…
