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Methane Abatement
…of global oil and gas production. However, methane emissions from the energy sector plateaued near record highs in 2025 – revealing a large implementation gap.
Still, there is significant scope for further action. Around 70% of fossil fuel methane emissions in 2025 came from the top 10 emitting countries. Meanwhile, the methane intensity of oil and gas production varies widely across countries – with the best performers scoring more than 100 times better than the worst.
And with energy security in focus around the world, methane abatement could deliver benefits by putting more gas to productive use. Efforts to cut methane from…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 Executive summary
…net zero energy sector emissions by 2050, accelerating energy efficiency improvements can deliver over 70% of the projected decline in oil demand and 50% of the reduction in gas demand by 2030. This oil demand reduction, which would be roughly equivalent to total oil use in China in 2024, comes in large part from technical efficiency gains, such as improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles, and electrification, including switching to EVs. The reduction in natural gas demand related to efficiency, which would be more than Europe’s total natural gas use in 2024, comes largely from measures such as insulating…
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Czechia 2025
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Czechia and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…
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Energy Efficiency in China’s Buildings Sector
Policy opportunities Over the past two decades, China has made significant strides in energy efficiency, with strong reductions in primary energy intensity across the economy and increased energy services. Much of China’s improvement has come from energy efficiency upgrades in industry and overall economic structural shifts. The buildings sector accounts for approximately 20% of its total final energy consumption and its intensity has decreased at a slower rate. There remains significant potential to unlock further energy savings through technical and policy initiatives in buildings.This report outlines opportunities for actions, targets and timelines that could improve energy efficiency in…
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Designing Energy Efficiency Policies to Enhance Affordability
Examples from G7 countries Energy affordability has emerged as a critical concern in the context of rising global energy prices and growing inequality in energy access. Lower-income households spend a significantly higher share of their income on energy than wealthier households, leaving them exposed to price shocks and especially vulnerable when energy prices increase. Energy efficiency can play a key role in delivering lower energy bills, reducing emissions, and enhancing resilience. However, ensuring that all households benefit requires targeted, inclusive policy design.This issue was a central focus of an IEA workshop held in January 2025 with G7 country…
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Energy Management for Industry
Driving efficiency implementation This report demonstrates the value of energy management for industry and governments. It illustrates how more systematic approaches to energy efficiency can contribute to ensure continual, durable, and increasing improvements that support competitiveness and energy security. It shows how new advances in energy management, such as increased digitalisation and artificial intelligence, can provide further benefits at speed and at scale. Building on best practices and innovative approaches, the report provides policy guidance on effective policy packages, giving insights into possible actions for policy makers irrespective of the maturity of existing programmes.
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Renewables 2021 Biofuels
…Brazil and Indonesia, depending on the market and fuel, from average 2019 prices. For comparison, crude oil prices increased by 40% over the same time period.While overall biofuel demand returns to 2019 levels this year even with slower growth, the recovery is uneven. Ethanol demand remains 4% below 2019 levels in 2021 and does not fully recover until 2023. High ethanol prices in Brazil and lower gasoline demand in the United States relative to 2019 levels are both driving lower ethanol volumes in 2021. By 2023 US and European gasoline demand has recovered from Covid-19 disruption, but remains…
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Renewables 2022 Transport biofuels
…the use of indigenous resources to benefit the local economy. Plus, biofuel use helps reduce GHG emissions in these countries. The United States, Canada, Brazil, Indonesia and India make up 80% of global expansion in biofuel use, as all five countries have comprehensive policy packages that support growth. In Brazil, Indonesia and India, rising gasoline and diesel use also accelerates demand for biofuels, while in the United States and Canada declining gasoline and diesel demand slow biofuel growth and even reduce the use of some fuels. In Europe, falling transport fuel demand nearly stalls volume growth even though state-level…
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Global Energy Review 2025
Global Energy Review 2025 This edition of the Global Energy Review is the first comprehensive depiction of the trends that took place in 2024 across the entire energy sector, covering data for all fuels and technologies, all regions and major countries, and energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The latest data show that the world’s appetite for energy rose at a faster-than-average pace in 2024, resulting in higher demand for all energy sources, including oil, natural gas, coal, renewables and nuclear power. This growth was led by the power sector, with demand for electricity rising almost twice…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Impact analysis of the two largest LNG import regions
…on-year decline in European gas demand came from the residential and commercial sector, reflecting the impacts not only of a high-price environment but also of milder weather, notably in the fourth quarter of 2022 and 2023. Warm temper atures persisted through the autumn months across much of the continent, delaying the start to seasonal heating needs. As the winter progressed, gas demand for space heating broadly remained below previous-year levels.While weather-related factors are estimated to have accounted for up to about 40% of the decline in distribution-level gas demand, fuel switching and behavioural s…
