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Finland
Finland has one of the most ambitious climate targets, a legal obligation to reach carbon neutrality by 2035. It is making progress towards this target and has one of the lowest levels of reliance on fossil fuels among IEA member countries. Finland’s forests, which historically offset significant greenhouse gas emissions, have become a net emissions source. A continued push towards the energy transition is needed, as imported fossil fuels still account for over one-third of energy supply and cover higher shares in transport and key industries.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Overview graphic: key technology trends for EVs
GEVO 2026 - Chapter 8 Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly at the centre of innovation in the automotive sector, bringing advances that extend far beyond developments in batteries and power electronics, thanks to several mutually reinforcing factors. Key technology trends are aligning in favour of EVs Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are mechanically simpler than internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) or hybrids, making them more compatible with digitalisation and automation. The relative simplicity of electric drivetrains enables shorter development cycles for new vehicles, allowing emerging technologies to reach BEVs sooner than vehicles with other powertrains.While the transition from mechanical to software…
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Climate Change
…1.5 °C-aligned energy transitions; and supporting the next round of Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement – while deepening existing cooperation on data and capacity building. The global energy system is the bedrock of modern economies and societies – providing power to everywhere we live and work. Yet the production and consumption of energy is also responsible for 75% of greenhouse gas emissions, making it the primary driver of climate change.As temperatures around the world continue to break records, the case for swiftly transforming the global energy system has never been stronger. The IEA’s Net Zero Roadmap…
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Renewables 2025 Renewable electricity
…and India. Offshore wind capacity expansion is expected to reach 140 GW over the forecast period, more than doubling the growth of the previous five-year period. The annual offshore wind market expands from 9.2 GW in 2024 to over 37 GW by 2030, with China accounting for almost 50% of this increase. In Europe, the annual market is expected to approach 14.6 GW by 2030. Policy changes in the United States, macroeconomic pressures and supply chain challenges have raised costs and undermined project bankability in several European markets and Japan, resulting in undersubscribed auctions and project cancellations. As a result, we…
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Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe holds large coal reserves and production is set to increase. The country has also significantly untapped its hydropower potential, even though the share of hydropower generation is gradually decreasing.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Building
…Emissions intensity of steel and cement is largely the same as 2020, while global construction activity has slowed in recent years. Cost Investment in building energy efficiency has risen over the past decade, but growth is now stalling, while spending on electrification grows steadily.High-efficiency building envelopes often entail higher upfront costs, constraining uptake in markets without dedicated financial support mechanisms.Strengthening the business case requires better recognition of high efficiency buildings’ broader societal value, including enhanced resilience, health benefits, and long-term affordability. Deployment Energy intensity has decreased about 8% since 2015, driven by policy development globally.However…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Renewables 2025 Executive summary
…Türkiye, Kenya and the Philippines.The forecast for growth in global renewable power capacity is revised down slightly, mainly due to policy changes in the United States and China. The renewable energy growth forecast for the 2025-2030 period is 5% lower compared with last year’s report, reflecting policy, regulatory and market changes since October 2024. The forecast for the United States is revised down by almost 50%. This reflects several policy changes, including the earlier phase out of federal tax credits, new import restrictions, the suspension of new offshore wind leasing and restricting the permitting of onshore wind…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Macro drivers
Overview The Global Energy and Climate Model (GEC Model) uses macro drivers, techno-economic inputs and policies as input data to design and calculate the scenarios. The values for the different data categories and scenarios used in the GEC Model 2025 can be downloaded here.Economic activity and population are the two fundamental drivers of demand for energy services in GEC Model scenarios. Unless otherwise specified, these are kept constant across all scenarios as a means of providing a starting point for the analysis and facilitating the interpretation of the results. The projections are based on the average retail prices…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Investment and innovation
…25%.Hydrogen company valuations are being driven to new highs by one firm, while returns show modest signs of stabilisation and recovery. Bloom Energy stands out, adding almost USD 80 billion in market capitalisation in the past year, as surging electricity demand from AI data centres and long gas turbine backlogs boost prospects for its fuel cells, albeit initially running on natural gas.Multiple hydrogen technologies have advanced towards commercial deployment since 2020, but maturity remains uneven. High-capture CCUS-based hydrogen production has yet to be demonstrated, while hydrogen use in industry and synthetic hydrocarbons is only now moving to first…
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Gaining an Edge Energy demand and competitiveness
…determinant of long-term investment, jobs and business competitiveness. Finding ways to reduce energy costs while producing more or better products is good for both profitability and overall economic growth. While energy prices are volatile in many countries, recent high prices combined with instability and fragmentation in energy markets have widened energy price gaps between regions. Concerns centre on how higher energy costs erode profitability, push up inflation and cause industries to downsize or relocate, due to shifting decisions on long-term investment.Energy efficiency offers a way to structurally lower energy costs year after year, while providing the same…
