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Energy Efficiency 2025 Executive summary
Global energy efficiency progress sees improvement in 2025, but remains off track to meet global goal Global energy efficiency progress is set to improve by 1.8% in 2025, up from around 1% in 2024. Preliminary estimates indicate that several key regions are showing some signs of stronger progress compared to their average since 2019. For example, energy intensity progress in 2025 is estimated to be over 3% in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”) and over 4% in India, well above their averages in the years since 2019. In the United States and the European Union (EU…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Electric vehicles
…heavy- freight truck sales also started to pick up in Europe, increasing by around 40% and reaching a 3% market share in 2025. In the United States, electric car sales declined by 2%, largely the result of the elimination both of federal tax credits after September and of fines for not meeting fuel economy standards. Before the elimination of tax credits, sales in the United States reached an all-time high in the third quarter of 2025. Emerging market and developing economies outside China continued to see significant growth in electric car sales, registering an annual increase of around 80%…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on today’s policy settings
…supported by expanding manufacturing and energy-intensive production. To 2035, Southeast Asia is one of the world’s fastest growing regions for aluminium iron and steel production, with output rising by 70%. This reinforces demand for electricity, coal and natural gas, while the young age of industrial assets limits near-term opportunities for fuel switching. In transport, electric vehicles and biofuels curb oil demand growth, avoiding around 1 mb/d of oil demand by 2035 together, reducing exposure to import price volatility and saving roughly USD 25 billion in oil imports, but road freight, aviation and petrochemical feedstocks keep oil use…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Road transport fuels
…road transport fuel demand and, as a result, lower oil use. 1. Work from home where possible Description: Working from home can reduce oil consumption from private vehicles used to commute. While not all jobs are suitable for working from home, it can be an effective measure when the job allows for it. In advanced economies, about one-third of jobs are suitable for remote work, while in emerging markets and developing economies, this figure is closer to one-fifth. Working from home affects oil consumption differently across regions, depending on commute distance, car occupancy and average fuel consumption of…
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Executive summary
Despite headwinds, the markets for clean energy technologies and fuels are expanding rapidly Deployment of many clean energy technologies, fuels and materials has been growing fast, but shifting policies, economic conditions and technological progress are creating uncertainty about their prospects and economic potential. Against this backdrop, the IEA’s flagship technology publication Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) aims to separate the signal from the noise, by providing timely data, scenarios and analysis across deployment, manufacturing, trade, competitiveness and security. At a time when misjudging the moment risks wasting capital or stalling momentum, this report has been designed to help decision makers…
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Global Energy Review 2026 CO2 emissions
…in 2025, reaching a new high of nearly 38.4 billion tonnes (Gt), and 5% above 2019 levels. The increase coincided with record atmospheric CO2 concentrations of about 427 parts-per-million (ppm), roughly 2.4 ppm higher than in 2024 and around 50% above pre-industrial levels.Emissions from fuel combustion grew by close to 0.5% (around 185 Mt CO2), while emissions from industrial processes declined by roughly 2% (about 40 Mt CO2), partially offsetting the overall increase. Emissions growth remained below the pace of global economic expansion (global GDP increased by about 3.1% in 2025), indicating…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Executive summary
…diverse needs of different African countries and sectors and lays out a pathway to achieve the energy-related Sustainable Development Goals, including universal access to modern energy by 2030, as well as fulfilling all announced climate pledges in full and on time. This requires a step change in investment, shifting away from fossil fuel projects designed to supply foreign countries towards clean energy projects, including a larger role for decentralised systems. All of this requires opening up a range of new capital sources and financing approaches. Making capital more affordable can unlock significant development across Africa Despite ample resources and…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Biogas and biomethane outlook to 2050
…liquid and gaseous fuels still meet 50% of total final energy consumption in the STEPS and 40% in the APS, creating opportunities for the use of low-emissions fuels in sectors unable to electrify. The share of biogases in total gaseous fuel demand grows from 1% in 2023 to around 5% by 2050 in the STEPS and 10% in the APS. In the power sector, capacity of biogas plants increases from 11 GW in 2023 to 20 GW in 2035. Use of biomethane in the power sector triples by 2035 due to its ability to replace natural gas in combined-…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 An updated roadmap to Net Zero Emissions by 2050
…fossil fuel infrastructure not included in the 2021 Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario would result in 25 Gt of emissions if run to the end of its lifetime (around 5% of the remaining carbon budget for 1.5 °C). At the same time, 2021 also saw renewables-based electricity generation reach an all-time high, a record more than 500 terawatt-hours (TWh) above the level in 2020. Key findings In 2021, the IEA published its report Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. However, in the short time since then much has changed. The global economy has…
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Clean energy investment landscape: setting the scene
…SAS requires mobilising over USD 200 billion annually by 2030, but energy investment has been declining in Africa and in 2022 was under USD 90 billion. Clean energy spending was a fraction of this at around USD 25 billion – only 2% of the global total despite the recent rise in global clean energy investment. This is far from what is required to meet the growing energy needs of 20% of the global population. Under current financing norms, project developers often struggle to access adequate capital and capital providers to identify investable assets. Resolving this disconnect requires effort on both demand and supply, with African governments, donors…