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Shane McDonagh
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst –Transport.
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Coal 2025 Executive summary
Global coal demand in 2025 is set to remain close to 2024 levels amid unusual regional trends Key factors such as weather, fuel prices and policy decisions all shaped global coal consumption in 2025, driving changes in demand that often ran counter to recent country or regional trends.In India – one of the traditional engines of coal demand growth – an early and strong monsoon season depressed electricity demand and boosted hydropower output. As a result, the country’s annual coal power generation is set to decline year-on-year for only the third time in the past five decades. In…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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Climate Pledges Explorer
From policy ambition to real action, the IEA’s latest interactive database provides country and regional outlooks on climate commitments and net zero pledges
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Christian Zinglersen
Former Head of the Clean Energy Ministerial Secretariat.
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Sylvia Beyer
Senior Energy Policy Analyst.
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Michel Heijdra
Vice Minister for Climate and Energy Policy.
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Kieran McNamara
Energy and Environment Analyst.
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Alejandra Bernal
Clean Energy Transition Programme Officer - Latin America.
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Policies
Highlights Announced public funding for low-emissions hydrogen decreased by nearly two-thirds compared to the Global Hydrogen Review 2024 (GHR-24), to a cumulative USD 38 billion, but a larger share of funds is now making its way to specific projects. Several programmes in the European Union, India, Japan and United Kingdom have progressed to the second phase or beyond, with new calls building on learning from the first phase.Almost 90% of the public funding comes from advanced economies; other policy instruments like land allocation, tax incentives and reduced administrative procedures remain more common among emerging markets. The supply side still receives…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Hydrogen
…years.However, the increase in global production (which neared 100 Mt in 2024) has kept the global average emissions intensity of hydrogen production almost constant over the past 5 years. Costs Renewable and low-carbon hydrogen remains more expensive than hydrogen from unabated fossil fuels.The cost gap has increased recently due to slower-than-expected deployment, inflation and the fall in fossil fuel prices.Electrolyser capital cost is expected to decrease through scale-up, innovation and improved manufacturing, but cost declines will depend on the pace of deployment Deployment Renewable and low-carbon hydrogen reached 0.8 Mt in 2024, making…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
