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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Executive summary
…Since 2010, almost 1.5 billion people in Asia and Latin America gained access to modern cooking stoves and fuels, halving the number of people without clean cooking in the span of fifteen years. These efforts relied largely on major government initiatives to provide clean cooking, with around three quarters of those gaining access doing so through liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), 17% from electricity, and 5% from other clean cooking solutions. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, the number of people without access has continued to grow, reaching around 1 billion today and affecting roughly four in every five households.The lack…
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Clean energy investment landscape: setting the scene
Summary The IEA’s Africa Energy Outlook 2022 laid out a new scenario – the Sustainable Africa Scenario (SAS) – which sees the continent achieve by 2030, in full and on time, all of its energy and climate-related goals, including universal energy access and its NDCs.Realising the SAS requires mobilising over USD 200 billion annually by 2030, but energy investment has been declining in Africa and in 2022 was under USD 90 billion. Clean energy spending was a fraction of this at around USD 25 billion – only 2% of the global total despite the recent rise in global clean energy investment. This is far from what…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Oil
Oil demand growth remained subdued in 2025 Oil demand increased in 2025 by 0.65 mb/d (million barrels per day) or 1.2 EJ, but this 0.7% rise marked a further slowdown from 2024’s already-muted 0.75 mb/d of growth. The increase in both years was in line with IEA projections. The 2025 increase fell well short of the 2010-19 average annual rise of 1.4 mb/d, offering further evidence of a structural deceleration in oil markets.This slowdown mainly reflected weaker growth in petrochemical feedstock use. Demand for naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Executive summary
More than 3 years of war in Ukraine have left their mark on the energy sector. In the power sector, nearly 80% of the thermal generation and about two-thirds of the hydropower capacity have been damaged or destroyed, leading to a power deficit equal to about one-third of peak demand. Hydrogen demand was nearly 1 Mtpa before the war, predominantly for ammonia production, with only about 40 ktpa from refining. However, assets have since been damaged or occupied and demand has plunged by almost 80%. Steel output, which represents a potential new application for hydrogen, has dropped by almost two-thirds…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Taking stock of the effect of war
…logistical costs and electricity scarcity. Nevertheless, there is potential for future hydrogen demand in export-oriented sectors; prior to Russia’s invasion, 40% of Ukraine’s fertiliser output, 46% of its agricultural output and 67% of steel were exported.Power generation capacity has plummeted since Russia’s invasion. Nearly 80% of the thermal generation and about two-thirds of the hydropower capacity have been affected, leading to a power deficit equal to about one-third of peak demand. This is despite industrial electricity demand having halved over the same period and residential demand falling by about 20%.Ukraine was a…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Overview
…1%, amid fluctuating trends across different regions. In China, weaker electricity demand growth and a surge in power output from renewables caused a decline in coal power generation. The small decline in China’s overall coal demand came despite growth in some sectors like chemicals. In India, expansion of wind and solar and an early monsoon resulting in stronger electricity generation from hydropower, and weaker electricity demand growth in the first half of 2025, pushed coal power generation – and overall coal demand – into decline from the high consumption levels seen in the same period a year earlier. By contrast, coal…
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Gaining an Edge Energy demand and competitiveness
Energy is at the centre of competitiveness amid high costs, growing demand, and rising trade pressures Energy is a vital input into all productive sectors of the economy. In an environment of fierce global competition and shifting trade patterns, energy costs are a major determinant of long-term investment, jobs and business competitiveness. Finding ways to reduce energy costs while producing more or better products is good for both profitability and overall economic growth. While energy prices are volatile in many countries, recent high prices combined with instability and fragmentation in energy markets have widened energy price gaps between regions…
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business Health and well-being
…handling.Energy efficiency plays a central role in reducing these health risks. By lowering overall energy demand and enabling the adoption of cleaner technologies, efficiency measures can significantly reduce emissions of local air pollutants. This is particularly important for the 70% of manufacturing processes that rely on low- and medium-temperature heat, for which more efficient and cleaner alternatives are available.Electrified heat technologies, including industrial heat pumps, can lead to a sharp decline in local emissions while delivering higher levels of efficiency. Although emissions may still occur upstream in electricity generation, these technologies reduce health risks in the workpl...
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Trade and infrastructure
Trade remains a key driver of low-emissions hydrogen projects, and would underpin over 40% of announced volumes by 2030 if all projects materialise. Less than 8% of this, around 1 Mtpa H₂-eq (hydrogen equivalent), comes from projects that are operational, in construction, or have committed investments, compared with around 16% across the overall project pipeline.First shipments of low-emissions hydrogen are taking place, enabling trials of logistics and certification approaches. Long-term bilateral contracts dominate, particularly for ammonia and ammonia-derived fertilisers, while hot briquetted iron (HBI) is gaining prominence.Announced hydrogen pipeline projects, including new and repurposed natural…
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Gas 2025 Executive summary
The coming LNG wave is set to profoundly transform the global gas market Following the supply shock of 2022/23, natural gas markets moved towards a gradual rebalancing in 2024 and 2025. During this period, supply fundamentals remained tight and prices stayed well above their historic levels. This limited demand growth, especially in price-sensitive Asian markets.Around 300 billion cubic metres per year of new liquefied natural gas (LNG) export capacity is expected to be added worldwide by 2030, primarily supported by liquefaction capacity expansions in the United States and Qatar. This wave of new LNG production capacity is…
