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Household Energy Affordability Executive summary
…At the peak of the crisis in 2022, bills rose 16% year-on-year. This fuelled inflationary pressures and pushed energy affordability to the top of the political agenda. For most households around the world, energy is the third-largest expense after food and housing.Household bills are sensitive to movements in underlying fuel prices; oil price pressures eased in 2025, but natural gas markets remained relatively tight in many parts of the world. Benchmark oil prices were around USD 15/barrel lower at the end of the year than at the start, reflecting a large global supply surplus and bringing…
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El Salvador
The National Energy Policy to 2024 of El Salvador guides the national actions on energy, following main principles: ensure high quality level and continuous and affordable energy access, decrease fossil fuel dependency and mitigate environmental and social impacts of energy projects.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Indonesia
…rapidly increased in recent years. This resource-rich nation is the world’s fourth-largest producer of coal and Southeast Asia’s biggest gas supplier. The country is the largest producer of biofuels worldwide and it is scaling up efforts to exploit its renewable energy potential. Indonesia's importance is underscored by its sizeable population of 250 million people – the fourth-largest in the world – and its significant role as a major producer and consumer of energy in regional and international markets. Indonesia is also the largest economy in ASEAN and an active member of the G20, APEC and ASEAN…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global Energy Review 2025 Electricity
Electricity demand growth surged in 2024 Global electricity demand increased by 4.3% in 2024, a step change from the 2.5% growth seen in 2023. The average pace of electricity demand growth from 2010 to 2023 was 2.7%, double the rate of total energy demand growth over the same period. Electrification picked up across sectors, raising electricity demand in most major economies in 2024. China accounted for the largest share of electricity consumption growth, but increases were seen globallyAlmost all regions saw an acceleration in the rate of electricity consumption growth in 2024 compared with the annual average…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Battery storage
…hours or more, reflecting the growing value of flexibility in systems with rising shares of PV.China continued to lead battery deployment in 2025, accounting for around 60% of global additions, followed by the United States and Europe. However, deployment is widening beyond the largest markets, with strong momentum in Australia and parts of the Middle East, where storage is increasingly seen as a key building block for electricity security and renewables integration.Battery-based uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) – primarily in data centres – also saw significant growth, with capacity additions rising 30% to 45 GW in 2025. However, unlike battery…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap Sustainable transport roadmap
…and insufficient technical expertise.Regulatory reform: Accelerating the shift to cleaner, more efficient systems requires reforming laws, regulations and fiscal policies that currently favour incumbents, despite the clear benefits of emerging energy technologies and transport systems – including high-quality public transport.Mobilising investments: Georgia faces limited access to public and private finance. Meeting investment needs requires attracting multilateral development funds and foreign direct investment in the short term, while gradually reforming fiscal policies to secure reliable and sustainable sources of funding for public projects over the long term.If Georgia is able to build on its strengths, it can seiz...
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on targets and pledges
…Rapid electrification reshapes final energy consumption and reduces import exposure. Total final consumption reaches 26 EJ by 2035 in the APS, compared with 28 EJ in the STEPS, as stronger efficiency and electrification curb demand growth. By 2050, fossil fuel demand in end-use sectors falls to around 10 EJ, or less than 40% of total final consumption, compared with more than 19 EJ in the STEPS. This lowers imported fossil fuel needs by 4 EJ in 2050 relative to the STEPS and reduces the fossil fuel import bill by USD 160 billion, strengthening energy security while lowering emissions.End…
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Luxembourg 2026 Executive summary
…Heavy reliance on energy imports – covering all fossil fuels and nearly 80% of electricity demand – increases the vulnerability of the energy system. Addressing these challenges will require long-term, system-wide planning to guide investment across electricity, heating, hydrogen and digitalisation, alongside stronger communication and public engagement to boost uptake in clean energy choices. At the same time, Luxembourg’s small size and close integration with (neighbouring) European markets offer significant opportunities for regional co‑operation on cross-border electricity and hydrogen infrastructure.Luxembourg’s buildings sector trails other sectors in emissions reductions and would benefit from more targeted regulatory and…
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Slovenia
Slovenia has put in place a National Renewable Action Plan to 2020, which targets a 25% share of energy generation from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption and 39% of electricity demand met by electricity generated from renewable energy sources.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Ukraine
Ukraine is a key country for European and global energy security. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has pushed it to fundamentally reshape its past dependence on energy imports from Russia.
As the invasion continues, Ukraine is focused on tracking large-scale energy supply disruptions and actively working to recover power and heating for civilians. It is also putting together an ambitious recovery and reconstruction plan, with a strong focus on energy security. In the medium-term, Ukraine’s energy strategy remains focused on European integration, while it aims to an energy system that is ready for a Net Zero future…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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