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Cost of Capital Observatory Dashboard
Overview The dashboard is a free resource that provides data on the cost of capital focused on clean energy projects in emerging and developing economies. It also provides information of the main underlying risks perceived by investors and financiers in each country as well as case studies. We hope these resources will help drive policy changes that can lower financing costs in the parts of the world that most need it. For additional information on how to estimate the cost of capital, this IEA article highlights the importance of financing costs in the energy transition, defines what financing costs are (also commonly…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Small and Medium Enterprises
Small and Medium Enterprises
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Global Energy and Climate Model Policies
…followed by more detailed policies by sector: power, industry, buildings and transport. Some regional policies have been included if they play a significant role in shaping energy at a global scale (e.g. regional carbon markets and standards in very large provinces or states). The tables do not include all policies and measures; rather they highlight the policies principally shaping global energy demand today, being derived from an exhaustive examination of announcements and plans in countries around the world. Industry-led initiatives and manufacturing targets that are partially or fully met in the IEA scenarios are the final element making…
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Gabon
Almost two-thirds of the population of Gabon has access to electricity. The country can partially rely on its 150 thousand barrels per day hydrocarbon liquids production and has recently implemented a new petroleum legislation.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Integrating Distributed Energy Resources in China
…Europe, Japan and the United States. Through cross-country comparison, the analysis identifies lessons and best practices that are relevant to China’s evolving power sector and regulatory landscape. It offers insights into the role of policy, regulation, market design, digital infrastructure and institutional frameworks in unlocking the full potential of DERs.The report provides tailored policy guidance to support Chinese decision makers in designing effective strategies for DER integration through 2030 and beyond. At the same time, it can serve as a valuable reference for Chinese and international experts working to develop coherent, forward-looking approaches to DER integration.
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Jordan
The government of Jordan targets 10% of energy mix to come from renewables by 2020. The country has set up a fund, as well as duties and taxes exemptions on all manufactured locally and imported renewable energy sources equipment and systems.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Key questions about hydrogen
How has the conflict in the Middle East affected supplies of fertilisers and chemicals made from hydrogen? The conflict in the Middle East has disrupted not only oil and gas flows, but also global supply chains for hydrogen‑based products, particularly fertilisers and chemicals such as ammonia, urea and methanol. These products account for a large share of hydrogen demand, with ammonia and methanol alone representing roughly half of global consumption.The Middle East plays a critical role in global markets for hydrogen-based products, and a large share of its production is dedicated to exports, making the region a major…
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Coal 2025 Executive summary
…In China, which consumes more coal than the rest of the world combined, demand is on course to mirror its 2024 level, as expected. In turn, global coal demand in 2025 is set to be very close to our forecast published in the previous edition of this report a year ago, rising by 0.5% to 8.85 billion tonnes, a record high. Global coal consumption has reached a plateau and may well decline slightly by 2030 Global coal demand is expected to effectively plateau over the coming years, showing a very gradual decline through to 2030 in our latest forecast. By…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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How accelerating electrification could strengthen energy security in Southeast Asia
…dominate, meeting over 70% of energy demand growth across this period, with oil accounting for nearly half of total energy consumption.Rapid energy demand growth and continued dependence on fossil fuels brings greater exposure to energy security risks. The region is increasingly reliant on imported fuels, deepening its exposure to price volatility and supply disruptions. The current energy crisis linked to the Middle East conflict has underscored these vulnerabilities. Ahead of the crisis, around 60% of crude oil imports and a third of natural gas imports in the region came from the Middle East. And based on current policy settings…
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Electric Vehicles
Global electric car sales continue to break records as affordability improves
Despite recent economic headwinds that have put pressure on the auto sector, global sales of electric cars have continued to break records as electric models become increasingly affordable. Electric car sales exceeded 17 million globally in 2024, reaching a sales share of more than 20%. Just the additional 3.5 million electric cars sold in 2024 compared with the previous year is more than the total number of electric cars sold worldwide in 2020.
In 2025, sales of electric cars are expected to surpass 20 million, accounting for over…
