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Strait of Hormuz Oil security and emergency response
Factsheet Last updated: February 2026 Overview The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow sea passage, separating the Arabian Peninsula and Iran, and connecting the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. At its narrowest point, the Strait is only 29 nautical miles wide (54 km) and it consists of 2-mile-wide navigable channels (3.7 km) for inbound and outbound shipping as well as a 2-mile-wide buffer zone. The Strait of Hormuz, through which an average of 20 million barrels per day (mb/d) ...
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is a significant producer of coal, crude oil and natural gas, and a major energy exporter. While coal dominates the country’s energy mix, renewable sources of energy are a small but growing share of Kazakhstan’s electricity generation. Gas pipeline network expansion remains a priority, in order to expand access and reduce reliance on coal and LPG for household consumption. Kazakhstan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policymaking for the energy sector.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Tunisia
Tunisia mostly relies on gas imports to meet its primary energy needs: almost 97% of its electricity generation came from gas in 2016. However, energy policy puts the emphasis on renewable energy. Electricity generation from wind power strongly increased since 2014.
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Energy Efficiency in China’s Buildings Sector
…energy services. Much of China’s improvement has come from energy efficiency upgrades in industry and overall economic structural shifts. The buildings sector accounts for approximately 20% of its total final energy consumption and its intensity has decreased at a slower rate. There remains significant potential to unlock further energy savings through technical and policy initiatives in buildings.This report outlines opportunities for actions, targets and timelines that could improve energy efficiency in China's buildings sector. It includes an analysis of the country’s current buildings energy efficiency policies and the data that tracks progress in achieving them. Regulation…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit
The Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit is an interactive online tool that has been updated and expanded ahead of the 11th Annual Global Conference on Energy Efficiency in Montreal, Canada. It aims to support governments in designing and implementing effective energy efficiency measures by combining policies across three core pillars: regulation, information and incentives. It also features a wide range of case studies, offering practical insights into the successful implementation of energy efficiency policies across diverse national and sectoral contexts.The Toolkit builds on earlier IEA work to advance energy efficiency policy. In 2022, the IEA introduced Policy Packages for Energy…
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Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa Executive summary
…that can enable economic growth and job creation, as well as supporting domestic efforts to expand access to affordable energy, digitalise, and diversify their economies. This report explores three key elements of these opportunities on the African continent: critical minerals beneficiation; production of low-emissions, energy-intensive commodities; and clean energy technology manufacturing. From extraction to beneficiation of critical minerals Africa is already a major supplier to the global market for many minerals such as cobalt, manganese, bauxite and platinum‐group metals, but also holds substantial untapped resources such as graphite and lithium. As global demand for critical minerals rises…
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Burkina Faso
In 2019, Burkina Faso’s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes, with oil products accounting for one-third of the total energy supply. In 2020, 11% of the population had access to clean cooking and only 21% had access to electricity, making Burkina Faso one of the world’s least-electrified countries. For electricity, the country has a target of 95% access for urban areas and 50% for rural areas by 2030. For clean cooking, Burkina Faso has a universal access target for urban areas and 65% in rural areas by 2030. The target for LPG urban penetration…
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Household Energy Affordability Executive summary
…of supply but also various additional levies, taxes and subsidies. For gasoline, taxes can account for as much as 70% of the final price charged to consumers, as is the case in some countries in Europe. It can also be subsidised and delivered at prices below market value, as in many parts of the Middle East. Electricity is generally subject to less tax compared to oil, but the range is equally wide, with different types of taxes, fees, levies and surcharges amounting to as much as 50% of electricity bills in some countries, or as low as zero in others…
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Chad
…population has access to electricity. This goes hand-in-hand with low rates of access to basic services such as drinking water, basic sanitation and paved roads. Meanwhile, crude oil has become the country’s primary source of export earnings. In 2019, Chad’s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes (85%) with oil products accounting for the rest of the total energy supply. In 2020, less than 5% of the population had access to clean cooking and 8% had access to electricity. The electrification rate is one of the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa. The country has 30…
- Overview
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