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World Energy Outlook 2025 Current Policies Scenario
Expanding the world we know Total final consumption rises in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS) by around 1.3% each year over the next decade, similar to the average annual increase over the last decade: global industrial output, appliance ownership and demands for mobility all increase, while energy efficiency gains are modest. Demand for oil rises to 113 million barrels per day by 2050, mainly due to its increased use in emerging market and developing economies for road transport, petrochemical feedstocks, and aviation. Electric vehicle (EV) uptake stalls in regions lacking strong policy support: China and Europe are the main exceptions…
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Roberta Quadrelli
Head of Data and Indicators on Energy Transitions.
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Peter Zeniewski
Senior Energy Analyst. Dr. Peter Zeniewski is a Senior Energy Analyst at the IEA. His main area of focus is the outlook for natural gas and LNG – covering long-term assessments of supply, demand, trade, investment and pricing. He has also led projects on energy affordability, biogases, India’s energy outlook, and emissions from oil and gas supply. Prior to joining the IEA, Peter was a Chancellor’s Fellow at the University of Edinburgh and held positions at the European Commission and Wood Mackenzie. He holds a PhD in International Relations from the University of Oxford.
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World Energy Investment 2025 Middle East
The Middle East is rich in a wide range of energy resources, which it is looking to develop with a mix of foreign and domestic sources of investment The Middle East holds some of the lowest-cost oil and gas resources in the world, and in 2024 provided around 30% of global oil production and 17% of global natural gas production. Saudi Arabia’s upstream oil and gas investment is the highest in the region, and is set to reach about USD 40 billion in 2025, nearly 15% higher than in 2015. Overall, the Middle East is set to invest about USD 130 billion…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Overview and key findings
…less than 10% of global growth in electricity demand, but this is a larger factor in the United States where a large share of new data centres are located. Today, around 730 million people still live without electricity, and nearly 2 billion rely on polluting cooking methods. As things stand, the world is not on track to close this huge gap in the provision of modern energy. Our new analysis draws on lessons from countries that have achieved rapid progress and outlines a new pathway to universal access, reaching this milestone in 2035 for electricity and 2040 for clean cooking.
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Regional insights
…the world are a rise in the electrification of end-uses, and a rise in the share of renewables in electricity generation. Energy trends in advanced economies are shaped by the structure of their economies, and by high average incomes and rates of vehicle and appliance ownership. Overall energy demand typically has peaked, although electricity use continues to increase, with electric vehicles and data centres adding to demand. Energy demand per capita is generally lower in emerging market and developing economies. Many of these countries are still developing their industries, some suffer from a lack of universal access to energy…
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World Energy Employment 2025 Executive summary
…other energy end-uses rose by 2%, with electrification in buildings and industry contributing to a sizeable portion of the increase. In both vehicles and efficiency employment, part of this growth is met by workers in related segments retraining and shifting roles – such as heating technicians learning to install heat pumps or auto workers moving to EV assembly lines – but it also reflects the creation of new jobs in areas like manufacturing batteries and installing electric industrial equipment.Demand for workers is increasing across all parts of the energy system, not just electricity, as the world remains thirsty for energy…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 An updated roadmap to Net Zero Emissions by 2050
…CO2 emissions from the energy sector to 36.6 Gt in 2021. Recent investment in fossil fuel infrastructure not included in the 2021 Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario would result in 25 Gt of emissions if run to the end of its lifetime (around 5% of the remaining carbon budget for 1.5 °C). At the same time, 2021 also saw renewables-based electricity generation reach an all-time high, a record more than 500 terawatt-hours (TWh) above the level in 2020. Key findings In 2021, the IEA published its report Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector…
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World Energy Investment 2025 India
…industry. India has seen the third-largest growth in power generation capacity in the world after China and the United States over the past five years. While growth in power generation has come from all sources, there has been a surge in investment in renewables, led by solar PV, which constitutes more than half of total non-fossil investment over this period. In 2024, 83% of power sector investment went to clean energy. India was also the world’s largest recipient of development finance (DFI) funding in 2024, receiving around USD 2.4 billion in project-type interventions in clean energy generation…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Southeast Asia
…energy security is a common priority for the region. Concurrently, coal-fired power has remained a significant component of Southeast Asia’s energy mix. Investment in coal plants has risen steadily throughout the past 20 years, reaching 121 GW of installed capacity in 2025. Assuming 25 years of economic lifetime, the capital yet to be recovered from coal plants in 2025 amounts to more than USD 130 billion, which could expose operators to stranded asset risks as energy transitions accelerate. Achieving orderly and just energy transitions would require a combination of financial approaches to scale up clean energy and reduce reliance on fossil fuels…