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World Energy Outlook 2025 Net Zero Emissions by 2050
Acting now to limit overshoot The Paris Agreement set the global goal of limiting warming to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5 °C. The IEA Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario) translates the 1.5 °C goal into a global pathway for the energy sector. The updated NZE Scenario presented here takes account of the most recent data and trends. Each country will tailor its own path to net zero emissions. The updated NZE Scenario is based on four central pillars that are widely applicable: clean energy electrification, energy efficiency, low-emissions fuels and methane abatement. The…
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United States
…economy. The reforms aim to strengthen infrastructure deployment and resilience, include a major focus on clean energy manufacturing, improving diverse supply chains and affordability, enhancing equity and the creation of high-quality clean energy jobs.
The US plays a significant role in supporting international energy security as the world’s largest producer of oil and exporter of liquified natural gas. A wave of clean energy investment means the US is today the third-largest market for renewable energy investment, heat pump manufacturing and electric vehicle sales and enabling clean energy transitions around the world through its leadership in technology innovation.- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Artificial Intelligence
…a groundbreaking report that provides the most comprehensive, data-driven global analysis on the energy-AI nexus to date, as well as a follow-up report addressing new trends and questions in April 2026.As the tech sector and energy industry become more intertwined than ever before, the IEA will continue to provide data and robust analysis to inform decision makers. It will also facilitate ongoing dialogue and collaboration among stakeholders, which is essential to maximising benefits and reducing risks. . Meeting electricity demand Data centres, AI and electricity demand The training and deployment of AI models mainly occurs in data…
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Electricity 2026 Grids
Grids are emerging as a bottleneck for connecting supply, demand and storage A lack of grid capacity is emerging as a critical bottleneck in many regions, driving higher levels of congestion and slowing the deployment of new electricity generation, storage and demand. Grid connection queues have reached record levels worldwide. In response, this year’s report examines the range of measures that regulators and system operators are adopting to “move fast and connect things”: enabling more capacity to be integrated more quickly through regulatory reforms and deployment of technologies that can deliver rapid grid upgrades. Greater demand-side participation and…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business Health and well-being
Energy efficiency can improve working conditions, increase employee productivity and reduce sick leave Energy efficiency improvements can enhance working environments and worker health. By reducing waste heat, air pollutants and other process inefficiencies, they lower health and safety risks while improving comfort and working conditions.In manufacturing, these effects can be direct. For example, in electronics manufacturing, conventional soldering requires thermal pre-heating cycles that exposes workers to high ambient heat as well as safety risks. Replacing this with induction heating enables localised heating of the material, reducing energy demand by around 70% while eliminating heat stress and safety hazards…
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Iron and steel
Iron and steel
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Energy and AI Understanding the energy-AI nexus
…and technology that have led to the rise of AI in its modern form that we are familiar with today, in particular generative AI. These developments include the massive increase in computing power and decline in cost due to exponential improvements in computing hardware performance; the exponential increase in the availability and quality of data used to train AI models due to the rise of the Internet and connectivity; and breakthroughs in the architectures and algorithms behind AI models, enabling the development of models that are exponentially larger and more capable. Capitalising on the perceived potential of AI, technology companies…
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Oil
Oil
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Benin
Benin is reliant on electricity imports for a significant share of its energy supply. Reform programmes, including plans for electrification, have been put in place in the country, where only 30% of the population had access to electricity in 2017.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Financing the transition
…upfront payment, this presents a challenge.One solution is to provide point-of-sale rebates, where the tax credit is deducted immediately from the sales price. The United States Inflation Reduction Act offers this. Another is to provide zero-interest bridge loans – from a development bank or local municipality, for example – to cover the anticipated tax credit.Energy companies can also provide subsidies through energy efficiency obligation (EEO) programmes. Under these schemes, energy companies are legally required to deliver a specified amount of energy savings to their customers. This can be achieved through heat pumps, since they help save energy. In…
