• Country report

        • Dec 2025

        Powering Ireland’s Energy Future Executive summary

        …development, while allowing potential trade-offs to be proactively identified and managed, where possible.Ireland has a long track record of transforming its power system while managing strong electricity demand growth. In 2024, Ireland supplied about one-third of its electricity from wind, four times the global average and second only to Denmark among countries with gigawatt-scale systems. That made wind the second largest source of electricity in Ireland behind natural gas, which had a share of more than 40%. This achievement – the result of pioneering initiatives to integrate renewables – is outstanding for a relatively small, island-based grid…

        Aerial view of Carnsore Wind Farm at Carnsore Point Ireland's southern limit point shutterstock 1895976976

        • Fuel report

        • Oct 2025

        Renewables 2025 Biogases

        …is highly concentrated in Germany (53% of EU production). Biomethane production is on the rise in most European countries, with Germany (29% of EU production), France, Italy, Denmark and the Netherlands collectively accounting for 93% of EU production. The United Kingdom is also significant, with production equivalent to an additional 23% of the EU total.Several countries are working on their regulations to attract further investment. France’s new blending mandate for biomethane grid injection will be in force in 2026, while the Netherlands is developing one. Ireland has set a national blending mandate for heating.Use in the transport…

        Solar energy panels installed in long rows with agricultural field in the background shutterstock 2078110768

        • Country

        Iceland

        In 2007, the Icelandic government released a Climate Change Strategy conceived as a framework for action and government involvement in climate change issues, and setting forth a long-term goal of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by 50 to 75% of 1990 levels by 2050.

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        • Country

        Belgium

        Belgium’s energy policy is focused on transitioning to a low-carbon economy while ensuring energy security, lowering costs for consumers and increasing market competition. Belgium has made progress on these goals, notably as a global leader in offshore wind. The country is also seeing a rapid uptake of electric vehicles. However, Belgium remains reliant on fossil fuels and more aggressive policies are needed accelerate emissions reductions, especially for the industry sector.

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        • Country

        Democratic Republic of the Congo

        The Democratic Republic of the Congo has huge hydropower potential while also dealing with extreme energy poverty. Foreign investors are currently partially lifting constraints on the country’s hydropower capacity, which is bringing down the costs of power supply and reducing the share of oil-fired power.

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        • Country

        Hungary

        Hungary was among the first countries globally, in June 2020, to make a legal commitment to become carbon neutral by 2050 and plans to phase out coal by 2030 at the latest. Enhanced energy efficiency, increased renewable and nuclear electricity and electrification of end-use sectors are identified as the key drivers towards the 2050 target. Hungary plans to build two new nuclear unit and while solar PV has grown notably, wind lacks behind its potential but the change in siting limits for wind turbines are likely to have a positive impact on the sector.

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        • Policy

        • Netherlands

        • 2020

        Energy agreement between Netherlands - Denmark

        The Climate Ministers of the Netherlands and Denmark signed, in June 2020, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the transfer of 8-16 TWh of renewable energy from Denmark to the Netherlands.   The Netherlands will invest DKK 1 billion in large-scale Power-to-X plants of 100 MW in Denmark. The investment will be used to establish large-scale Power-to-X plants and develop storage and renewable energy technologies for trucks, ships and aircraft. The collaboration combines Denmark's wind resources with Dutch expertise in hydrogen production. It will also help the Netherlands meet their EU renewable energy…

        • Policy

        • Denmark

        • 2017

        Purchase tax rebate vehicle Denmark

        New (2017-2021) BEV and PHEV purchase tax rebate of 225 USD/kWh
        (190 EUR/kWh) battery, max 45 kWh (10,000 USD; 8,458 EUR

        • Country

        Estonia

        Estonia has achieved a notable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions thanks mainly to lowering its reliance on electricity generation from domestic oil shale, an energy rich sedimentary rock. However, oil shale remains the main energy source and imported fossil fuels still plan a major role, especially in transport. Estonia’s forests, which historically offset significant greenhouse gas emissions, have become a net emissions source. Estonia is aiming to accelerate its clean energy transition with a target to cover 100% of annual electricity demand with renewables by 2030 as part of a larger package to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. It…

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        • Country

        Dominican Republic

        Dominican Republic has adopted a law on incentives for the development of renewable energy sources, which aims to increase the diversity of energy sources, reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels and stimulate investment in renewable energy.

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