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World Energy Outlook 2022 Energy security in energy transitions
…proposes the following ten guidelines to help buttress energy security in the “mid-transition”, when the clean energy and fossil fuel systems co-exist and are both required to deliver reliable energy services. Key findings Synchronise scaling up a range of clean energy technologies with scaling back of fossil fuels. Investing in clean energy is key to avoid future crises while reducing emissions. In the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario, around USD 9 is spent on clean energy by 2030 for every USD 1 spent on fossil fuels. Cutting investment in fossil fuels ahead of scaling up investment in clean energy pushes up…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on today’s policy settings
…fossil fuels. In the STEPS, clean energy meets over 40% of incremental demand growth to 2035, while fossil fuels still meet around 60%. In the Current Policies Scenario, slower policy implementation, financing constraints and power system integration challenges prolong reliance on conventional fuels and push emissions higher. End-use energy demand continues to rise, but electrification and efficiency moderate growth in the STEPS. Total final consumption grows rapidly to 2035, by an annual average of 2.5% to 2035 in the STEPS. Industry remains the largest end-use sector, supported by expanding manufacturing and energy-intensive production. To 2035, Southeast…
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Renewables for Industry Executive summary
…industrial emissions, although emissions have declined by around 8% since 2013.Industrial energy use is largely in the form of heat and is increasingly being supplied from electricity. Over the past decade, global use of electricity for industrial heat has accelerated, with the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”), India and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) recording the largest increases. Despite differing industrial structures, all major economies have converged toward similar electricity shares for industrial heat of around 4–5%. Increased uptake is being driven by improving cost competitiveness, expanding technology availability and stronger policy signals, alongside…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Progress summary dashboard
Production Electrolysers Policies Investment
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The State of Energy Innovation 2025 Executive summary
…first Energy Innovation Forum, which took place in 2024 alongside the IEA Ministerial. It is designed to inform the global energy innovation agenda at a time when energy innovation is increasingly at the core of countries’ competitiveness, security and resilience strategies, as well as those for addressing climate change. It is also a moment when uncertainties and emerging weaknesses could slow progress if not addressed. In addition to analysis of available data, the report draws on a dataset of over 150 energy innovation highlights from the past year, covering 45 countries and compiled with expert help from the IEA Technology…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Industry
…to finance and energy efficiency obligation schemes can be effective tools for encouraging private sector stakeholders to advance energy efficiency priorities. Obligated parties often achieve savings of more than 100% of the target within the first 10 years. Incentives can also encourage companies to invest in the most efficient technologies and practices.More informationThis toolkit provides an overview of the most important elements of each policy instrument, but you can find more by exploring additional resources. IEA Energy Efficiency 2024IEA Energy Efficiency Progress TrackerIEA Industry OverviewIEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2024Regulatory Assistance Project Costs and Benefits of Energy Efficiency Obligation Schemes
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit: Case studies
The following case studies demonstrate how different countries have successfully implemented energy efficiency policies across various sectors. These real-world examples are designed to support policymakers by offering practical insights into what works, under which conditions, and why.Each case study highlights specific policy instruments—such as regulations, information campaigns, or financial incentives—and shows how they have been applied in different contexts. They provide evidence on the outcomes achieved, lessons learned, and the challenges encountered during implementation. Readers are encouraged to explore the case studies by sector, policy type, or geographic region using the filters provided. Case studies bridge…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Financing Energy Efficiency
…the United States, and the European Union continue to attract the bulk of clean‑energy capital, while many emerging and developing economies face persistent barriers, including higher financing costs and limited access to affordable capital. As a result, efficiency investment in these economies is growing far more slowly than in advanced economies and China. The IEA stresses the need to mobilise more finance, reduce investment risks, and expand suitable financing instruments to support the deployment of energy‑efficient technologies and infrastructure. Households are the main investors in energy efficiency, more so than any other clean energy technology, accounting for 60% of all…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Stated Policies Scenario
Stepping up the pace of change? The Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) is an exploratory scenario, designed to reflect the prevailing direction of travel for the energy system based on a detailed reading of country-specific energy, climate and related industrial policies that have been adopted or put forward, even if not yet codified in law. It reflects the state of technology and market conditions but does not include aspirational goals. Total final consumption grows 1% annually to 2035 in the STEPS, with India and other emerging market and developing economies leading demand growth. It increases more slowly than in the…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS)
Even as global energy demand continues to rise, billions of people in around 100 countries remain without access to basic modern energy services. Today nearly 2 billion people lack access to clean cooking and 730 million people lack access to electricity. Millions of households, businesses and public institutions such as clinics and schools operate without reliable modern energy. This limits productivity and hinders socioeconomic development. It also perpetuates the use of traditional biomass, with damaging consequences for health and the environment.The Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS) charts a path to achieve universal access to clean cooking and electricity based…
