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Oil Market Report - May 2025
…the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand growth is projected to slow from 990 kb/d in 1Q25 to 650 kb/d for the remainder of the year as economic headwinds and record EV sales curb use. Demand growth averages 740 kb/d in 2025 and 760 kb/d in 2026, despite accelerating OECD declines of -120 kb/d…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2026
…and support collective efforts to accelerate deployment. Central to this process is the recognition that many barriers to progress – including fragmented standards, weak demand signals, financing constraints and infrastructure gaps – cannot be addressed through national action alone, and require targeted international collaboration.To support this cycle, world leaders tasked the IEA and the Climate High‑Level Champions to develop an annual Breakthrough Agenda Report that provides an independent evidence base and expert analysis of progress and priorities. From 2022 to 2024, the reports assessed the state of international collaboration across sectors and identified priority actions. The 2025 report placed greater emphasis…
- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Executive summary
…at least 10% of new car sales. Chinese automakers supplied 60% of global electric car sales in 2025, while European and North American automakers were each responsible for about 15% of global sales. The ongoing energy crisis resulting from the conflict in the Middle East has brought reliance on oil imports into sharp focus in many countries. The road transport sector represents close to half of oil demand today, and policy responses to the long tail of the current crisis stand to shape the global car market for years to come. The oil crisis of the 1970s prompted the…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Understanding GEC Model scenarios
…approach relying on the Global Energy and Climate (GEC) Model to examine future energy trends.Each scenario has the same starting point and is based on the latest data for energy supply and demand, markets, technology costs and policies, as well as the same pathways for future population and economic growth.The energy system described and explored in each scenario evolves in a distinctive pathway that delivers energy services with a different mix of technologies and fuels, with varying implications for energy security, affordability and emissions. This is primarily due to differing assumptions about how energy policies are implemented and…
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Oil Market Report - September 2025
…s most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights World oil demand is forecast to increase by 740 kb/d y-o-y in 2025, up marginally from last month's Report, with resilient deliveries in advanced economies contrasting with relatively muted consumption in emerging economies. OECD demand growth of 80 kb/d y-o-y in 1H25 has exceeded expectations, supported by lower oil prices…
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Denmark
…carbon capture and storage (CCUS) and hydrogen. The government has a robust energy and climate governance under the Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities and ‘the year wheel’ of Climate Act of 2020 ensures annual policy actions and funding. Among IEA countries, Denmark has the highest share of wind electricity, which together with bioenergy and solar photovoltaic make up over 80% of the electricity mix. The district heating sector has practically phased out coal, contributing to lower reliance on fossil fuels in Denmark’s total energy supply than IEA average. Denmark is committed to end fossil fuel production by…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Denmark Flag]()
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Blueprint for Action on Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions
…governments and other stakeholders about how just and inclusive clean energy transitions can be designed and implemented. Based on the voluntary principles endorsed by G20 leaders in 2024, the Global Commission has provided examples to highlight how energy policies can be designed and implemented to support fairer outcomes. The Global Commission has focused on key aspects of each principle and shared selected policies from around the world to show how these are being addressed in different settings.The 2024 Global Commission, convened by IEA Executive Director Dr. Fatih Birol, is co-chaired by Brazil’s Minister of Mines and Energy…
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Access and Affordability
…partners hosted the landmark 2024 Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa, which led to $2.2 billion in financial commitments from governments and industry for clean cooking. The second IEA Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa will take place in Nairobi, Kenya, in July 2026. The project by the IEA and Power Africa draws on the IEA’s expertise to support governments with data-driven insights as they work to expand electricity access. Access to electricity This open-source GIS tool, developed in collaboration with the MIT Energy Initiative, was designed to estimate and forecast electricity demand at the building…
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Renewables 2025 Renewable heat
Heat accounted for almost half of total final energy consumption and 37% of energy-related CO2 emissions in 2024 Annual heat consumption expanded by 6% globally over 2018-2024. Renewable energy, excluding traditional uses of biomass, met only half of this increase, with its share in global heat consumption rising to 14% in 2024. Nearly 80% of global growth in renewable heat use was in the form of bioenergy (especially in industry) and renewable electricity (mainly in buildings).Industry sector renewable heat use grew the most in China over the last six years, driven by the expansion of industries such…
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Energy crisis threatens world’s most vulnerable as cooking fuel shortages grow
…Previous energy crises affected economies and societies in profound ways, often forcing households to ration fuel for their cars and heating for their homes. The 2026 crisis is being felt across the globe – and households in emerging and developing economies are now facing a particularly severe challenge: whether there is enough fuel simply to cook a meal, and whether they can still afford it.At the centre of this sits liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the world's most widely used cooking fuel. Around 3.4 billion people across the developing world use LPG as their primary source of energy for…
