-
Global Energy Review 2025 Natural gas
…heat waves in China, India and the United States, contributed to higher gas burn in the power sector in 2024. Extreme temperatures alone accounted for around one-fifth of the increase in global natural gas demand. Natural gas demand in the residential and commercial building sectors grew by around 1% in 2024.Natural gas continued to displace oil and oil products in various sectors, supported by policies, regulations and market dynamics. In the Middle East, oil-to-gas switching in the power sector continued in 2024. In road transport, the rapid scaling up of natural gas-powered trucks in China –…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 3 pages
-
Global Methane Tracker 2025 Policies
Existing pledges would cut fossil-fuel methane emissions by 40% by 2030, but only half are backed by detailed policies and regulations Methane pledges cover 80% of global fossil fuel production, with the largest initiative being the Global Methane Pledge (GMP). Countries that participate in the GMP commit to work together to collectively reduce global methane emissions from human activity (across all sources, not limited to energy) by at least 30% below 2020 levels by 2030. Cutting the world’s methane emissions by 30% over the next decade would have the same impact on global warming by mid-century as…
-
Global Methane Tracker 2025 Regional insights
…Routine Flaring by 2030 Initiative or the Global Methane Pledge, and near zero upstream methane targets set as part of the OGDC or the OGMP 2.0. In the NZE Scenario, fossil fuel methane emissions in the region fall by around 75% by 2030 and by 85% by 2035, with comprehensive action to deploy all methane abatement measures in the industry. China China is the world’s largest emitter of methane and coal mines are its main source of energy-sector methane emissions. China produces and consumes more than half the global supply of coal. Emissions have risen in tandem...
-
Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in electric car affordability
…in a global drop in electric car manufacturing costs that was reflected in the price of electric cars. However, the trend towards falling prices has been uneven across markets, due to differences in carmakers’ pricing strategies, and in market maturity and the level of competition. For example, in China, the sales-weighted average (hereafter, “average”) price of a battery electric SUV fell almost 10% year-on-year in 2024, partly due to the 30% decline in the battery pack price. Similarly, in the United States, a 15% decline in battery prices contributed to a 3% drop in the average purchase price…
-
Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for energy demand
…to reduce oil demand, with oil displacement growing by 30% to over 1.3 mb/d in 2024 – equivalent to Japan’s entire transport sector oil demand today. By the end of the decade, EVs are set to displace over 5 mb/d of diesel and gasoline in the STEPS, and China’s EVs to account for half of displaced oil.Electric LDVs drive most of the oil displacement, accounting for 80% today and around 77% by 2030. The relative impact of LDVs becomes smaller over time as technology developments and the expansion of charging infrastructure drive electrification in the...
-
Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Innovation in mining, refining and recycling to promote diversification
…and capital and operating costs. Addressing these gaps requires innovation in extraction, refining and recycling technologies, alongside strategic investments in alternative processing methods, supply chain partnerships and policy frameworks that can accelerate the development of diversified midstream capabilities.Recent export restrictions by China on LFP cathode production, rare earth separation and lithium refining technologies highlight the importance of technology in establishing geographically diverse refining and processing capabilities. Intellectual property bottlenecks present an additional challenge, limiting the transfer of knowledge and impeding the development of new refining capacities in other regions. Developing and deploying innovations is thus a long-term endeavour…
-
Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Broader view on energy-related strategic minerals: What risks to anticipate?
…during the processing of copper, nickel or aluminium ores, meaning their supply is inherently tied to the output of these primary commodities rather than to their own market dynamics.Trade restrictions increasingly affect critical mineral markets, with a recent wave of export control measures, particularly from China, adding to the uncertainty. Risks are amplified by high levels of supply concentration, especially in refining and processing stages. China is the dominant refiner for 19 of the 20 minerals analysed, holding an average market share of around 70%. Substitution also remains a major challenge: for many minerals, including tantalum, titanium and vanadium…
-
Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key findings
…By 2050, this increases to nearly 1 400 bcme with average costs falling by 20%, driven primarily by increased crop yields, technological learning effects and economies of scale. 80% of the sustainable potential for producing biogases is in emerging market and developing economies, led by Brazil, China and India. The potential in India is larger than its natural gas consumption. The United States has the largest potential among advanced economies. The European Union uses the largest share – around 40% – of its sustainable potential, compared with less than 5% in India. Biomethane production costs exhibit a wide range, with 90% of the potential…
-
Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Assessing the sustainable potential and cost of feedstocks for biogas and biomethane
…methane yield per tonne of dry matter for a range of different feedstocks. Emerging market and developing economies account for 80% of the global potential for biogases, which is concentrated in countries where the agricultural sector plays a prominent role in the economy. India, Brazil, and China lead the way with high biogases potential from cereal crop residues, sugar crop residues, and manure respectively, derived from existing large-scale agricultural industries. Cost assessment The key considerations affecting the economics of a biogas and biomethane plant are its size, feedstock composition and quality, and locational factors such as collection radius…
-
World Energy Investment 2025 Executive summary
…total amount being spent on bringing oil, natural gas and coal to market. There is also increasing expenditure on the electrification of end-uses, largely reflecting the additional cost of buying an electric vehicle (EVs) versus an internal combustion engine model, even though many EV models being sold in China – the leading market for sales – are now competitive on an up-front basis with their conventional equivalents.Spending on low-emissions power generation has almost doubled over the past five years, led by solar PV. Investment in solar, both utility-scale and rooftop, is expected to reach USD 450 billion in 2025…
