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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Key findings
Energy-related methane emissions have still not reached a definitive peak The fossil fuel sector is responsible for nearly one-third of methane emissions from human activity today. Record production of oil, gas and coal, combined with limited mitigation efforts, has kept emissions above 120 million tonnes (Mt) annually. Abandoned wells and mines – included in this year’s Global Methane Tracker for the first time – contributed around 8 Mt to these emissions in 2024. Bioenergy production and consumption results in a further 20 Mt of methane, largely from the incomplete combustion of traditional biomass used in cooking and heating in developing economies…
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Appliances and Equipment
Standards and labelling can lift the average rate of energy efficiency improvement by two to three times
Based on global evidence from countries with Energy efficiency standards and labelling (EES&L) programmes, the average energy efficiency of new major appliances in these countries can increase two to three times the underlying rate of technology improvement. This can result in average energy reductions of 10-30% over 15 to 20 years in the stock of most regulated products across all countries.
In leading countries with strong regulations and long-running programmes which are regularly updated, the contribution could be much higher…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Understanding methane emissions
Atmospheric methane concentrations continue to rise Methane (CH4) is the second-most harmful greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2), trapping outgoing heat and warming the atmosphere through a process known as radiative forcing. Though it lingers in the atmosphere for far less time (12 years, compared with centuries for CO2), methane absorbs substantially more energy while it does. Cutting methane emissions therefore promises significant near-term climate benefits. Methane carries other hazards, too: it contributes to the formation of ground-level (tropospheric) ozone, a harmful pollutant, and methane leaks can also pose explosion risks.Atmospheric methane concentrations today are 2…
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Ireland
Ireland put in place an ambitious and comprehensive set of policies and targets to reach net zero by 2050 and 80% of renewable electricity generation by 2030, but now their implementation needs to accelerate. Natural gas will remain an important part of the energy mix at least until the mid-2030s, especially to meet peak electricity demand, but offshore renewable energy will become the cornerstone of Ireland’s energy transition beyond 2030. Given Ireland’s current exclusive reliance on energy imports from the United Kingdom, energy security is a major concern to the government while transitioning to a (variable) renewables…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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India Bioenergy Market Report Executive summary
Bioenergy is particularly important for India’s rapidly growing energy market. It can strengthen energy security, reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels, create economic development and employment opportunities - especially in rural communities - and contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions. These benefits align closely with national energy and climate objectives, enabling India to leverage its domestic resources to support cleaner energy growth. India’s abundant agricultural residues and organic waste provide a strong resource base for modern bioenergy production.India’s ethanol industry has emerged as one of the country’s most successful policy-driven energy stories. Backed by a suite…
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Algeria
Algeria is a large oil and gas producer and exporter. In 2015, the country updated its Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Development Plan to 2030, and put greater focus on the deployment of large-scale renewables, including solar PV and onshore wind installations, through various incentive measures.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Electricity 2026 Prices
…charges – such as networks, taxes and fees – continue to take up a large share of bills. Electricity is also often taxed more heavily than natural gas, raising its relative cost and weakening incentives for households to electrify heating, cooking and hot water. As a result, policy makers are increasingly focusing on market and regulatory reforms to improve affordability while still ensuring prices reflect costs and encourage demand‑side flexibility. Wholesale prices continue to differ across regions In many markets wholesale prices increased year-on-year in 2025 amid higher gas prices, following declines in 2024 compared to 2023. The average EU wholesale…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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State of Energy Policy 2026
…with a special focus on government spending, energy efficiency regulations, and the contribution of the energy sector to nationally determined contributions and long-term net zero pledges.This year’s report brings an extensive examination of energy security policies to the period 1973-2025, from oil and natural gas to clean energy technology supply chains and critical minerals. It also spotlights the policy momentum around energy access, most particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, taking stock of the policy progress since the IEA Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa in 2024.The State of Energy Policy series draw on the Global…
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Colombia 2023 Executive summary
…In the context of the National Energy Plan 2020-2050, launched in 2016, Colombia started a journey to diversify its energy resources and ensure a reliable energy supply by promoting wind, solar and geothermal in the country’s electricity mix.At COP26, Colombia presented a net zero target and an ambitious Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), aiming at a 51% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030. These ambitions are reflected in the long-term strategy, the E2050 Strategy, the Energy Transition Law and the Climate Action Law. To implement its targets, Colombia uses a robust system of climate change management…
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Clean Energy Transitions Programme 2025
Annual report 2025 The IEA’s Clean Energy Transitions Programme (CETP) helps countries around the world accelerate their transition to clean energy, with a focus on emerging markets and developing economies. By combining global analysis, high-level convening and hands-on technical support, the CETP ensures that evidence, policy guidance and practical tools reach those shaping energy strategies on the ground.In 2025, the CETP has supported almost 350 high-level bilateral meetings with policy makers, over 700 workshops and technical exchanges, involving almost 13 000 participants, and 26 capacity-building events with over 1 700 policy professionals on energy efficiency, data…
