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Hong Kong
Hong Kong
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Hong Kong Flag]()
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Energy and Water
…demand for desalination has nearly doubled since 2010, and current trends point to another doubling to 2030. Some 21,000 desalination plants currently operate in about 150 countries, from the United States and China to Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia – though half of global installed capacity is located in the Middle East and North Africa. Renewables can help ease the energy sector's water problem In a scenario in which global energy sector emissions reach net zero by 2050, water withdrawals by the energy sector decline by almost 20 bcm by 2030. The biggest reductions happen in the power…
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Critical Minerals
…nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements, the average market share of the top three refining nations rose to 86% in 2024 from around 82% in 2020, with almost all supply growth coming from the single top supplier: Indonesia for nickel, and China for all others.
While policy makers have woken up to the challenges, based on today’s policy settings and investment trends, the average share of the top three suppliers is projected to decline only marginally over the next decade, effectively returning to the concentration levels seen in 2020. Despite narrowing supply gaps for some minerals, risks remain… -
Global Energy and Climate Model Macro drivers
…of the population in 2050 is expected to be smaller than today in the European Union, Russia, Japan and China. In contrast, the United Nations projects a billion more people in Africa by 2050, accounting for three-fifths of the global population increase, and around a further fifth is in the Asia Pacific region. India’s population has overtaken that of China since 2023 and is projected to reach almost 1.7 billion by 2050, some 410 million people more than in China. In the past, the development of economies has typically been associated with the migration of rural workers to towns…
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Renewables 2021 Renewable electricity
…case forecast to 2026, accounting for almost 95% of the increase in total power capacity worldwide. Overall, People’s Republic of China (hereafter ‘China’) remains the leader, accounting for 43% of global growth, followed by Europe, the United States and India. These four markets alone provide almost 80% of renewable capacity expansion worldwide. We have revised the forecast up from last year, with China alone accounting for about 60% of the revision. For China, last year’s forecast reflected the phase-out of subsidies at the end of 2020 and the resulting policy uncertainty for onshore wind and solar PV. However,...
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Renewables 2021 Biofuels
…price of feedstock by relaxing or delaying biofuel blending mandates, with the effect of reducing demand. However, over the medium term, major policy discussions in the United States, Europe, India and People’s Republic of China (hereafter ‘China’) hold the promise of a more than doubling of biofuel demand growth in the accelerated case. Biofuels recover in 2021 despite high costs Rising prices are slowing biofuels’ growth, but according to our forecast, demand in 2021 nevertheless recovers from the lows seen in 2020 during the Covid-19 crisis. Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Indonesia are managing climbing feedstock and biofuel costs…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for energy demand
…However, these measures take time to roll out. Short-term actions are needed to reduce dependency on fossil fuel imports this winter, especially in Europe, which includes an important role for consumers in terms of behaviour change. In emerging market and developing economies, demand for fossil fuel rises more slowly than in previous versions of the STEPS, notably for natural gas in Asia. The slowdown in fossil fuel demand growth is led by China, where slowing economic growth and policy efforts lead to a peak in emissions during this decade.In the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS), fossil fuel use decline...
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for electricity
…is the largest contributor to increased electricity demand as the market share of electric cars rises from about 8% in 2021 to 32% in the STEPS and almost 50% in the APS by 2030. In emerging market and developing economies, population growth and rising demand for cooling contribute to increasing electricity demand. In China, air conditioner ownership expands by around 40% from current levels in the STEPS and APS by 2030. Electricity provides a rising share of total final energy consumption in all economies. Global electricity demand in 2050 is over 75% higher in the STEPS than it is today…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for liquid fuels
…cars sold worldwide in 2021 was an electric vehicle. And now high prices – and their economic impacts – are contributing further to near-term uncertainty. Key findings The oil market today is grappling with huge near-term and long-term uncertainties. Fears of recession loom large over the immediate prospects for demand, although China could boost oil use as it emerges from renewed lockdowns. Sanctions on Russia and dwindling spare capacity cast a shadow over the adequacy of supply. High prices are generating a historic windfall for the oil and gas industry, accompanied by hesitation on how this can best be…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for gaseous fuels
…energy shortages in several parts of the developing world that rely on imported gas, notably Pakistan and Bangladesh. Major growth markets for gas such as India and China have meanwhile sharply reduced their LNG imports in 2022. Key findings The traditional arguments in favour of natural gas have focused on its role as a reliable partner for the clean energy transition and its ability to step in to fill the gap left by declining coal and oil. These are currently being tested by the global repercussions of Russia’s actions in Europe. In the midst of a global energy crisis…
