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Jobs
…of energy sector jobs than in areas with lower unemployment. Meanwhile, other energy sector jobs are more prevalent in areas with lower unemployment rates. Energy efficiency investments also contribute to enhance the quality of jobs in other industries. Firms that invest in energy efficiency can significantly improve the quality of the working environment, with efficient lighting that provides increased visual comfort, or efficient ventilation systems that enhance air quality. By freeing up businesses’ spending through reduced energy bills, energy efficiency helps minimise cost pressures and supports employers in safeguarding jobs. Need more information? IEA (2020), World Energy Outlook Special Report…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2026 Executive summary
…key areas of the global climate and energy system through an approach that enables countries to collaborate without requiring universal consensus. The period leading up to the next Global Stocktake concluding in 2028 – when countries assess collective progress towards the Paris Agreement goals – represents a critical window to drive efforts across sectors and places a premium on delivery-oriented collaboration. Many opportunities for collaboration exist, but plans for implementation remain unclear The collaboration landscape spans hundreds of initiatives, platforms and coalitions, involving governments, businesses and civil society. This reflects broad recognition that many energy system challenges cannot be addressed through…
- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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Slovak Republic
…objectives of the Slovak energy policy agenda are: increasing efficiency in the power and end‐use sectors, reducing energy intensity, reducing dependence on energy imports, expanding the use of nuclear power, increasing the share of renewables in the heat and electricity sectors, and supporting the use of alternative fuels for transport. With these sound objectives in place, the government should now focus on the cost‐effective implementation of concrete actions. Mining of coal for electricity production ended in 2023 and an additional nuclear unit was commissioned. The country remains dependent on energy imports from Russia, making energy security a strong…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Regional insights
…vehicle and appliance ownership. Overall energy demand typically has peaked, although electricity use continues to increase, with electric vehicles and data centres adding to demand. Energy demand per capita is generally lower in emerging market and developing economies. Many of these countries are still developing their industries, some suffer from a lack of universal access to energy, and most have lower average incomes and levels of ownership of energy consuming equipment than advanced economies. However, the picture is a dynamic one: many countries are undergoing rapid urbanisation, building infrastructure, making swift progress on access to modern energy, and seeing their…
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Investment in next-generation geothermal is surging. Policies are key to further growth
…economically-viable geothermal development nearly anywhere in the world. The IEA’s Future of Geothermal Energy report, published in late 2024, estimated that with continued technology improvements and reductions in project costs, next-generation geothermal could meet up to 15% of global electricity demand growth to 2050. Geothermal technology families Next-generation geothermal technology remains at an early stage of development. In general, geothermal projects remain among the most capital-intensive in the energy sector, with drilling and well costs often representing up to 80% of total costs. Yet the past year has seen notable progress. Once considered prohibitively expensive…
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Demand Response
Country and regional highlights
Notable progress to advance demand response is being made
Activity
Demand response markets are expanding, but greater effort is needed to align with the Net Zero Scenario
Technology deployment
Enabling technologies offer high flexibility potential, although deployment is still lagging
Innovation
Innovative solutions and approaches are being tested to expand residential participation in demand response
Policy
International collaboration
Acknowledgements
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Policy options to accelerate distributed solar PV in Ukraine
…generation capacity, contributing to system resilience and overall energy security. The move towards a greater level of decentralisation in power generation can also support Ukraine in meeting its long-term decarbonisation goals, as set out in the 2030 National Energy and Climate Plan and the 2050 Energy Strategy. This report explores the current policy landscape for distributed solar PV in Ukraine and outlines three potential policy options to accelerate the deployment of this technology. It focuses on expanding the capacity of distributed solar PV to achieve the modelled results from IEA report Empowering Ukraine through a Decentralised Energy System, which…
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Libya
In 2013, the Libyan government launched the Renewable Energy Strategic 2013-2025 Plan, which aims to achieve 7% renewable energy contribution to the electric energy mix by 2020 and 10% by 2025. This will come from wind, Concentrated Solar Power, solar PV and solar heat.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Brunei Darussalam
In 2014, Brunei adopted a strategic plan to achieve 10% share of renewables in the national energy mix by 2035. The plan provides the outline to introduce renewable energy policy and regulatory frameworks and to scale-up market deployment of solar PV.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Net Zero Emissions by 2050
…savings from lower fuel prices together with efficiency gains mean that households face costs for energy services comparable to those of today through to 2035, and lower still in the longer term. Fuel importers benefit too as import bills are cut by about two-thirds. Electricity takes on a bigger role to meet energy demand, underlining the significance of electricity security, and the need for secure and diversified supply chains for critical minerals and energy technologies. A pathway to return temperature rise below 1.5 °C The NZE scenario sees temperatures rise by around 1.65 °C above pre-industrial…
