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Energy Efficiency in China’s Buildings Sector
…progress in achieving them. Regulation for new buildings in China, such as building codes, is relatively strong. However, as the rate of construction is slowing, policy priorities are shifting towards retrofitting existing buildings. Here, the IEA estimates that through strong policy action and best-in-class technology, China could reduce energy consumption by up to 65% in buildings constructed between 1995 and 2010, representing energy savings of over 8 000 Petajoules.The report includes examples from across China and the world on leading regulatory instruments, financial incentives, and information-based tools that can drive energy efficiency in the buildings sector.
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Luxembourg 2026
…Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Luxembourg and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Luxembourg’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Luxembourg’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable energy future.
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Oil Market Report - March 2025
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Growth in global oil demand is set to accelerate to just over 1 mb/d this year, from 830 kb/d in 2024, reaching 103.9 mb/d. Asia accounts for almost 60% of gains, led by China where petrochemical feedstocks will provide the entirety of…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Understanding GEC Model scenarios
…and how these interact with the evolution of energy technologies and markets. By comparing the WEO scenarios, readers can assess what drives the various outcomes, and the opportunities and pitfalls that lie along the way. None of the individual WEO scenarios should be regarded as a forecast, and do not contain a single view about what the long-term future might hold. Instead, the scenarios seek to enable readers to compare different possible versions of the future, and the levers and actions that produce them, and to gain insights into the future of global energy.The Current Policies Scenario (CPS)…
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business Operational benefits
…go beyond reduced energy use. These improvements are often driven by more efficient, precise and optimised processes. By reducing losses – such as excess heat, inefficient combustion or friction – equipment operates more smoothly and reliably. Electrified processes can further enhance efficiency by reducing the number of moving parts and points of failure.This improved performance leads directly to higher productivity. More efficient production lines enable better capacity utilisation, greater process control and less labour-intensive operations. For example, a more efficient knitting machine, as introduced by a textile manufacturer in Scotland, can replace about 14 conventional looms, cutting energy costs by…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Eurasia
…energy investment, Eurasia's upstream oil and gas investment is projected to be around USD 54 billion by 2025, around half of 2015 levels. This decline is particularly evident in greenfield projects, where investment has fallen from around 50% in 2015 to less than 20% in 2025. Around 75% of oil and gas upstream investment in the region is made by Russia. Low oil prices have pushed Russian companies to cut costs and focus on cheaper brownfield projects rather than new developments. Moreover, international sanctions against Russia have significantly affected the energy sector by limiting access to advanced drilling technologies, foreign capital…
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Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa Executive summary
…to growth in markets for refined critical minerals – notably copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite, and rare earth elements – the combined market value of which exceeded USD 230 billion in 2024. Nascent markets for low-emissions materials and chemicals like steel, aluminium and ammonia could see steep growth rates in the future, depending on how quickly related technologies and supply chains develop over the coming years.The economic rewards associated with these supply chains are – as yet – distributed very unevenly between countries. Africa as a whole currently captures less than 1% of the value generated from the manufacturing of clean energy technologies and…
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Lighting
Country and regional highlights
Prominent progress in increasing standards and labels for lighting
CO2 emissions
CO2 emissions by lighting increased marginally in 2022, despite increased uptake of efficient lamps
Energy
Increased energy demand for service lighting more than offset a drop in residential lighting in 2022
Activity
Increasing building space and population is driving additional demand for lighting
Technology deployment
LED is now the leading lighting technology in homes
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Gaining an Edge Policy implications
…for policy makers can be to assess and clearly communicate the value of energy efficiency policies. This is primarily due to the lack of robust practices for collecting data on results achieved, including the wider benefits beyond energy savings or reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. An IEA survey of 1 000 industrial firms, conducted in 2025, indicates that more than half of the companies have experienced a broad range of benefits from energy efficiency and 88% can quantify or estimate the monetary value of these benefits. While energy efficiency policies and programmes targeting industry have been shown to be cost…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Industry
…to finance and energy efficiency obligation schemes can be effective tools for encouraging private sector stakeholders to advance energy efficiency priorities. Obligated parties often achieve savings of more than 100% of the target within the first 10 years. Incentives can also encourage companies to invest in the most efficient technologies and practices.More informationThis toolkit provides an overview of the most important elements of each policy instrument, but you can find more by exploring additional resources. IEA Energy Efficiency 2024IEA Energy Efficiency Progress TrackerIEA Industry OverviewIEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2024Regulatory Assistance Project Costs and Benefits of Energy Efficiency Obligation Schemes
