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Energy Efficiency 2024 How can energy efficiency alleviate rising heatwave-driven electricity demand?
…and rolling blackouts throughout 2024. Electricity demand in emerging economies continues growing at a record pace, fuelled by new air conditioner installations World electricity consumption is forecast to grow by 4% in 2024, with increased cooling demand in EMDEs a major driver. India’s electricity consumption is expected to grow by over 8% this year, amid fast economic growth and rapid electrification paired with record cooling demand. While many factors contribute to electricity consumption growth, peak demand is mainly driven by AC ownership and maximum daily temperatures, increasing the need for new infrastructure. New IEA analysis for several regions shows…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Oil
…petrochemical feedstock use. Demand for naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and ethane – the major raw materials for plastics consumption – lagged most clearly in the second quarter of 2025 as trade turmoil weighed on international trade and disrupted key US exports to Chinese chemical plants. The full-year increase of 1.2% was well below the 2.6% recorded in 2024, when feedstocks accounted for the largest share of the overall rise in oil use.In 2025, the growth of oil products for transport fuels – which accounted for the largest share of oil product demand – was largely steady. Despite the year…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Oil Market Report - October 2025
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand rose by 750 kb/d y-o-y in 3Q25, as petrochemical feedstocks led a rebound from 2Q25’s tariff-afflicted 420 kb/d pace. Still, oil use will remain subdued over the remainder of 2025 and in 2026, resulting in annual gains…
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Investment in next-generation geothermal is surging. Policies are key to further growth
…number of shallow geothermal hotspots globally, accounting for only about 1% of global electricity demand today.Next-generation geothermal technology developers are seeking to overcome these limits by drilling deeper and harnessing heat from hard-to-reach reservoirs. Operators can either circulate fluid through fractures that have been induced (through what is known as enhanced geothermal systems) or transfer heat to the surface through closed-loop circuits. These technologies are advancing quickly, potentially enabling economically-viable geothermal development nearly anywhere in the world. The IEA’s Future of Geothermal Energy report, published in late 2024, estimated that with continued technology…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for electric mobility
…its Global Energy and Climate Model (GEC-M). Key uncertainties for EV markets for the medium-term – such as those related to the evolution of trade and industrial policy, downside risks to the economic outlook and the impact of different levels of oil prices – are, however, presented in this chapter of the report.The projections in the STEPS in GEVO-2025 consider historical market data and stated policies up until the end of February 2025. These scenario projections incorporate GDP assumptions from the International Monetary Fund and population assumptions from the United Nations, as described in the 2024 GEC‑M documentation…
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International collaboration continues to power innovation in energy technologies
…Many of the original initiatives remain active today, continuously evolving to meet emerging technological breakthroughs and global energy challenges. The newest TCP – established earlier this year – focuses on Critical Minerals and Material Recovery, an increasingly important topic for policymakers and technology developers. This week, representatives of the TCPs are convening at the IEA’s headquarters in Paris for the sixth Universal TCP Meeting. Participants will focus on priorities for strengthening international collaboration on innovation and the role that innovation plays in supporting governments’ ambitions to achieve a secure, sustainable and affordable energy future. The meeting will also welcome the Mission…
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Ukraine’s Energy Security
…importance. While Ukraine made strong strides in rebuilding and strengthening the resilience of its energy system this past spring and summer, the situation remains fragile, and the risk of huge disruptions and widespread destabilisation remains – particularly as Russia expands the scope and sophistication of its attacks.This analysis builds on the IEA’s September 2024 report, Ukraine’s Energy Security and the Coming Winter. It provides an update on the latest developments through October 2025 and proposes key actions that Ukraine and its partners can take to address urgent energy security vulnerabilities this winter and bolster longer-term energy resilience…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Policies
Policies database Underpinning the scenario analysis of the GEC Model, an extensive effort is made to update and expand the list of energy and climate-related policies and measures that feed into our modelling. Assumptions about government policies are critical to this analysis and are the main reason for the differences in outcomes across the scenarios. A summary of some of the key policy targets and measures for different sectors by selected countries and regions can be found in the Annex B of WEO-2025.Although all care has been taken to ensure accuracy, completeness and clarity of content in…
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Policy and financing momentum sustain CCUS progress despite setbacks
…operating in Norway. Major projects were also commissioned in China and North America, and the construction of new facilities began in eight countries worldwide. The newest annual update to the IEA’s CCUS Project Database – which incorporates developments between the first quarter of 2025 and the first quarter of 2026 – found that capture capacity that was operational or under construction during this period was over 10% higher than in the previous Database update, which covered the first quarter of 2024 through the first quarter of 2025. Meanwhile, storage capacity increased by around 25%. In terms of future prospects, the total…
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Executive summary
…compared with 11% in 2010. Disruptions resulting from the conflict in the Middle East have prompted the use of these emergency measures, including the collective action decision of 11 March 2026, which made 400 million barrels of oil from IEA emergency reserves available to the market. The current disruption has also triggered announcements of new and strengthened emergency storage capacity, notably in Indonesia and Viet Nam, as well as exceptional demand-restraint measures, including energy conservation campaigns, work‑from‑home policies and fuel rationing.Decades of policy efforts have diversified countries’ energy mixes and suppliers and improved efficiency. Fuel diversification efforts, also rooted in the energy...
