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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Demand
…iron [DRI]), with demand for new applications (biofuels upgrading, new industrial uses, mobility, power or synthetic fuels) growing but from a very low base – less than 1% of demand.Low-emissions hydrogen use increased by nearly 10% in 2024 but remains at less than 1% of total demand due to cost challenges and insufficient policy support. Policy initiatives in the European Union, Japan and Korea, and forthcoming measures from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) can accelerate ramp-up, but their impact will only be seen through implementation.Offtake momentum slowed, with signed deals covering 1.7 Mtpa H₂ in 2024, down from 2…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Outlook for electric mobility
Vehicle outlook by mode By 2035, the fleet of EVs across all vehicle types except two/three-wheelers (2/3Ws) exceeds 450 million globally in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS) – more than five times as many EVs as there were at the end of 2025. CO2 and fuel economy standards, especially for new light-duty vehicles (LDVs), are the main driver of rising EV sales outside of the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”). In China and a few other emerging markets, the competitive economics of EVs already support continued adoption in the CPS. Elsewhere, however, EV sales stall, particularly…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Oil
Oil demand growth loses momentum Growth in global oil demand slowed markedly in 2024, with consumption rising by 0.8% (1.5 EJ or 830 kb/d) to 193 EJ after jumping by 1.9% in 2023. This reflected the end of the post-pandemic mobility rebound, slower industrial growth and the increasing impact of electric vehicles. This 0.8% increase in demand – below the pre-pandemic growth rate of over 1% in the decade to 2019 – was closely in line with the IEA’s first forecast for 2024 set out in June 2023, which noted that structural macroeconomic trends would…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for electricity
…It also accounted for over one-third of all energy-related CO2 emissions in 2021. Key findings Global electricity demand rises by 5 900 terawatt-hours (TWh) in the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) and over 7 000 TWh in the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) by 2030, equivalent to adding the current level of demand in the United States and the European Union. In advanced economies, transport is the largest contributor to increased electricity demand as the market share of electric cars rises from about 8% in 2021 to 32% in the STEPS and almost 50% in the APS by 2030…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Policy response to the crisis
…importance of adequate infrastructure and its efficient use. These measures supported continued investment in interconnections with financial support and accelerated permitting for key cross-border infrastructure projects through Projects of Common Interest and Projects of Mutual Interest. The measures also introduced bidirectional flow obligations at cross-border pipeline interconnection points between member states.The European Union’s gas market design – the product of a long-term and concerted regulatory effort – acted as the foundation for the continent’s resilience in managing the 2022-2023 gas supply shock, providing predictability in market functioning, as well as a structure on which to…
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Mauritius
The energy mix in Mauritius is dominated by coal and oil. Almost 10% of the country's final energy consumption is generated by modern renewable sources of energy – a share that has gradually decreased for the past 20 years.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Mauritius Flag]()
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for electric mobility
Overview In this part of the report, we focus on the outlook for electric mobility in road transport over the period to 2030. A scenario-based approach is used to explore the prospects for electric mobility, based on recent market trends, policy drivers and technology developments. The purpose of scenario projections is to assess a plausible future for global electric vehicle (EV) markets and the potential implications. The scenario projections are not intended as predictions about the future. Rather, they aim to provide insights to inform decision-making by governments, companies and other stakeholders about the future of EVs. In…
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The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates
…and, by extension, for market balances.The International Energy Agency (IEA) has long examined this issue, and a detailed understanding of decline rates is at the heart of IEA modelling and analysis, underpinning the insights provided by the scenarios in the World Energy Outlook.This new report – based on analysis of the production records of around 15 000 oil and gas fields around the world – explores the implications of accelerating decline rates, growing reliance on unconventional resources, and evolving project development patterns for the global oil and gas supply landscape, for energy security and for investment. It also provides regional insights.
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Global Energy Review 2026 Natural gas
…Middle East, continued oil-to-gas switching supported strong growth in gas use in the power sector.Gas use in industry remained broadly flat in 2025. In the European Union, higher natural gas prices depressed gas demand in industry. Similarly, high LNG spot prices in the first half of the year moderated industrial gas demand in the Asia Pacific region and supported fuel switching in sub-sectors such as oil refining. The United States, European Union and Middle East drove global gas demand growth in 2025 Natural gas demand trends varied across key regions in 2025, with macroeconomics, price dynamics…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Korea
Korea has set a target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 by substantially increasing the share of renewable energy sources, gradually phasing out coal, significantly improving energy efficiency and fostering the country’s nascent hydrogen industry. Korea’s energy sector is characterised by a dominance of fossil fuels, a strong dependence on energy imports and one of the highest shares of industrial energy use among IEA countries. Korea aims to leverage the fourth industrial revolution for its energy transition and to foster green growth by means of low-carbon technologies and clean energy. Due to Korea’s high share of…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Korea Flag]()
