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Electrolysers
Country and regional highlights
Progress is spread across different continents, from China, which leads on installed capacity, to the European Union, which have adopted important policies, and other regions like India and the Middle East moving forward with a small number of large-scale projects
Technology deployment
Global installed electrolyser capacity reached 1.4 GW at the end of 2023, almost double the one at the end of 2022
Technology manufacturing
Innovation
Policy
Investment
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Cyprus
Cyprus adopted the Law on the Promotion of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in the early 2010s, which creates a fund that finances the premium tariff and other costs related to renewable electricity generation.
Note by the Republic of Türkiye (Türkiye): The information in this document with reference to Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of United Nations, Türkiye shall preserve its…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis
The 2022-2023 energy crisis tested the resilience of the global gas and LNG markets with the most severe gas supply shock in history. During the crisis, natural gas-importing markets around the world felt the pressures of record-high gas prices, including the scale-back in access to energy, the impediment to economic activity and the extra burden on government budgets. Market responses varied but governments were quick to react as the challenges of security of supply became apparent. Post-crisis, markets must continue to adapt as the effects of the crisis continue to influence security of gas supply…
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Luxembourg 2026
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Luxembourg and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Trade and infrastructure
…terminal for liquefied hydrogen imports.Pipelines are often the lowest-cost option for pure hydrogen transport where suitable routes are available and high utilisation rates can be achieved, while shipping can provide sourcing flexibility and use certain existing port infrastructure. However, where pure hydrogen is required at the point of use, shipping implies minimum costs of around USD 2/kg H₂ and energy use above 10 kWh/kg H₂, equivalent to over 30% of hydrogen’s energy content, due to intensive liquefaction or reconversion steps, such as ammonia cracking. Bilateral trade flows of low-emissions hydrogen by carrier, excluding projects at earlier stages, 2030
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Pledges to Progress Company Assessment
The assessment shown below sets out actions reported by 116 oil and gas companies to achieve the goals set out in the Oil and Gas Decarbonisation Charter, agreed at COP28. It is a baseline assessment, in that the evaluations for each metric are based on public company reporting published in 2024, which often rely on data and progress from 2023, i.e. before the OGDC was launched.This is not an assessment of environmental performance. It tracks 25 specific aspects of target-setting, implementation strategies and disclosure, based on a framework put together by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the…
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Oman
Oman’s energy supply is entirely generated by nationally-produced natural gas and oil products and the country is a large exporter of oil and gas. The government has recently launched the “Residential PV Initiative" to foster the private use of solar PV.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Key Questions on Energy and AI
Following the publication of the IEA’s landmark Energy and AI report in 2025, this report examines how the energy and AI nexus has evolved amid surging investment in data centres and rapid advances in model capabilities. Drawing on fresh datasets and analysis, it explores where electricity demand is rising, how quickly grids and supply chains can respond, and what these shifts mean for energy security, affordability and sustainability.
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Energy System Resilience
…resilience – focuses on systems’ ability to cope with events exceeding standard planning conditions. Since Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022, Ukraine has worked to protect its energy sector and to increase its ability to withstand and rapidly recover from Russia’s attacks on its energy infrastructure. The report explores the lessons that Ukraine has been learning as it works to bolster system resilience and identifies measures that apply to a range of high-impact events – such as cyberattacks, physical attacks on infrastructure, extreme and severe weather, and unexpected infrastructure failures – and can in turn be adopted by policymakers and…
