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Scaling Up Transition Finance Sectoral insights
…unlock high-impact projects that lower emissions and avoid or mitigate other impacts, guided by practical KPIs.Natural gas: Natural gas is set to remain a part of the global energy mix for many decades but the applicability of transition finance to gas varies by country and sector and over time. Priority should be placed on front-loading methane abatement, reducing emissions from liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquefaction providing infrastructure for low-emissions gases and helping, alongside other technology options, plants to provide flexibility for electricity systems, under transparent, time-bound plans that align with national energy and climate strategies.
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Energy and AI Energy demand from AI
…staff, etc. The share of these different components in data centre electricity consumption varies greatly by type of data centre, depending on the nature and efficiency of the equipment they have installed. The outlook for energy demand from data centres Data centres – at least at the scale seen today – are relatively new actors in the energy system at the global level. Today, electricity consumption from data centres is estimated to amount to around 415 terawatt hours (TWh), or about 1.5% of global electricity consumption in 2024. It has grown at 12% per year over the last five years. The…
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa Executive summary
Lack of capital presents a major impediment to universal electricity access Nearly two out of every five people in Africa – around 600 million in total – still live without access to electricity. Electrification has barely kept pace with population growth, leaving the continent far behind the targets set by African governments and the international community. Progress in reducing the absolute number of people without access has stalled in recent years, with the rate of improvement failing to fully recover to pre-pandemic levels. Fewer than 19 million people gained access in both 2023 and 2024, compared with 23 million in 2019…
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business Turning the opportunity into reality
…Analysis tools, such as the interactive JUSTIFI tool developed by the National Laboratory of the Rockies and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, can help identify, quantify and link these benefits to key performance indicators, often showing how they shorten payback periods.4. Position energy efficiency as a strategic investmentEnergy efficiency often competes for capital with other core business investments. Strategic objectives within companies often take precedence over simple payback calculations to determine investment decisions, as argued by the ’salience approach’ in multiple benefits research. They can be grouped in three dimensions: the value proposition (e.g. product quality and…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit: Case studies
The following case studies demonstrate how different countries have successfully implemented energy efficiency policies across various sectors. These real-world examples are designed to support policymakers by offering practical insights into what works, under which conditions, and why.Each case study highlights specific policy instruments—such as regulations, information campaigns, or financial incentives—and shows how they have been applied in different contexts. They provide evidence on the outcomes achieved, lessons learned, and the challenges encountered during implementation. Readers are encouraged to explore the case studies by sector, policy type, or geographic region using the filters provided. Case studies bridge…
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Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor 2025 Executive summary
Low-emissions hydrogen can play a significant role in decarbonising energy systems and is critical to many countries’ efforts to meet their energy and climate targets. It can also reduce reliance on fossil fuel imports over the longer-term, bolstering energy security.Northwest Europe is at the forefront of low-emissions hydrogen development. The region accounts for around 40% of Europe’s total hydrogen demand. It has vast and untapped renewable energy potential in the North Sea, as well as substantial carbon storage capabilities. The region has a well-developed, interconnected gas network and underground storage sites that could be…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Introduction and context
…and jet fuel, have increased even more. Many consumers around the world are still bruised from past price increases during the global energy crisis of 2021-2023, which pushed energy affordability to the forefront of energy policy priorities. A succession of turbulent years for the global economy and the energy sector has also depleted the fiscal means for governments to respond to a new crisis.The resumption of transit through the Strait of Hormuz is indispensable to relieve the strains on markets and to allow for stable flows of oil and gas to international markets. In the interim, countries are…
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Luxembourg 2026 Executive summary
…remain low. The buildings sector accounted for over 20% of national energy-related GHG emissions, while space heating in the residential sector alone accounted for 13% of emissions in 2024. Heat pump deployment is growing but from a small base, supported by subsidies, tax incentives and advisory services. To complement these financial incentives, Luxembourg would benefit from a more strategic approach to space heating, using municipal heat mapping and heat planning to identify where district heating is viable and where electrification through heat pumps is the most cost-effective.As the largest contributor to both energy demand and emissions, the…
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Summary of results
…The Turning Pledges into Progress framework contains a total of 25 metrics in three categories: 1) target setting (“Targets”), 2) strategies for implementation (“Strategies”), and 3) disclosure and reporting (“Disclosure”). Target setting comprises six metrics related to emissions reductions and investment in clean energy. All the signatories to the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter (OGDC) are assumed to have the aim of achieving these targets. Strategies for implementation comprise eight metrics that describe steps companies can take to achieve these targets; and disclosure and reporting comprises 11 metrics allowing stakeholders to assess how companies publicly report information relevant to achieving the OGDC goals…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Executive Summary
…and sectors shift over time towards sustainable practices aligned with long-term climate and development goals. Transition finance faces complex definitional challenges, which have slowed its adoption. Nonetheless, it could play an essential role in global energy investments. Today, transition finance flows remain modest, but scenarios consistent with national or global emissions reduction targets suggest that USD 400-500 billion per year in transition finance could be mobilised over the next decade—equivalent to USD 4-5 trillion cumulatively. This is comparable in scale to the current global green bond market.With its focus on sectors where emissions are hard…