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Global Energy Review 2026 CO2 emissions
…continued robust expansion of renewable energy capacity. Outside of China, annual emissions trends were largely driven by weather effects. In advanced economies, colder winter conditions boosted heating demand, increasing natural gas consumption in buildings and the power sector. By contrast, reduced cooling needs in many emerging markets and developing economies moderated coal and electricity demand growth. On a weather-adjusted basis, CO2 emissions in advanced economies would have declined by around 0.5%, reflecting continued structural improvements in energy efficiency and clean energy deployment. In emerging markets and developing economies outside of China, emissions would have increased by around 1…
- Key findings
- Global trends
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Energy Efficiency 2024 Executive summary
…natural gas demand related to efficiency, which would be more than Europe’s total natural gas use in 2024, comes largely from measures such as insulating buildings and the electrification of heating.Accelerating energy efficiency improvements can deliver over a third of all carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reductions between now and 2030 in a pathway aligned with reaching net zero emissions by 2050. This involves speeding up electrification and improvements in technical efficiency. From 2010 to 2022, improvements in energy intensity contributed to a cumulative reduction in global CO₂ emissions of almost 7 gigatonnes (Gt). Meeting global efficiency ambitions requires a…
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The State of Energy Innovation 2025 Executive summary
…the world.All phases of innovation, up to the early adoption of a new product in the marketplace, are covered in the report. After a new idea makes its way from the drawing board to a prototype and then out into the world, the pathway to maturity can be long, and success is not guaranteed. Even after products are first adopted, there is still a cost and performance gap with established technologies that policy attention must address. Across the innovation phases there are no simple metrics for measuring progress. However, many important insights into the health of the energy innovation…
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Electricity 2026 Supply
…by roughly 1 050 TWh. Of this, more than 600 TWh on average is set to come from solar PV alone annually to 2030, thanks to rapid uptake in many regions of the world amid strong cost declines. In 2025, growth in global electricity generation from solar PV saw the largest year-on-year increase, at 620 TWh, compared to 450 TWh in 2024. Solar PV generation is expected to overtake wind and nuclear by 2026 and hydropower by 2029.Low-emissions energy sources – renewables, led by solar, and nuclear – will see their share in global electricity generation rise to 50% through 2030, up from…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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Energy Efficiency 2025 Executive summary
…of stronger progress compared to their average since 2019. For example, energy intensity progress in 2025 is estimated to be over 3% in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”) and over 4% in India, well above their averages in the years since 2019. In the United States and the European Union (EU), on the other hand, progress in 2025 is set to fall to under 1% after several years of stronger performance following the energy crisis.The world remains off track to achieve its COP28 ambition for 2030. In 2023, nearly 200 governments agreed at COP28 in Dubai…
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Global Energy Review 2025 CO2 Emissions
Energy sector carbon emissions reached a new record in 2024 Total energy-related CO2 emissions increased by 0.8% in 2024, hitting an all-time high of 37.8 Gt CO2. This rise contributed to record atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 422.5 ppm in 2024, around 3 ppm higher than 2023 and 50% higher than pre-industrial levels. In 2024, CO2 emissions from fuel combustion grew by around 1% or 357 Mt CO2, while emissions from industrial processes declined by 2.3% or 62 Mt CO2. Emissions growth was lower than global GDP growth (+3.2%), restoring the decades-long trend of decoupling emissions…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Global trends
…earlier (2.7%). Sharp growth in renewables in electricity generation in China helped to push down coal consumption, with the knock-on effect of improving primary energy intensity.The United States saw a notable acceleration in its energy demand growth, with demand increasing by more than 2% in 2025. This represents the second fastest increase since 2000, excluding years in which the US economy was rebounding from a recession. The United States accounted for nearly one-quarter of global energy demand growth. Part of this acceleration was due to gas-to-coal switching in electricity generation, but a harsh winter…
- Key findings
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Setting the scene
…finance. Its outbound financing expanded rapidly in the years leading up to 2010 as part of broader economic and industrial strategies, with the China Development Bank (CDB) and the Export–Import Bank of China (CEXIM) emerging as two of the world’s largest DFIs. The launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013 further accelerated this outward push, formalising China’s ambition to strengthen cross-border infrastructure, energy access and economic ties. While China is not a traditional donor represented in fora such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD’s) development assistance committee…
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Renewables 2022 Renewable electricity
…Scenario. In the accelerated case, however, growth in the next five years (under policies that address challenges and faster implementation of countries’ existing plans) narrows the gap for renewable electricity growth needed to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Overall, China on its own is forecast to install almost half of new global renewable power capacity over 2022-2027, as growth accelerates in the next five years despite the phaseout of wind and solar PV subsidies. Ambitious renewable energy targets in the 14th Five-Year Plan, market reforms and strong provincial government support provide long-term revenue certainty for renewabl...
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World Energy Employment 2024 Executive summary
…growth from these sectors, with clean energy job growth representing over 10% of economy-wide job growth in China and 4-6% in advanced economies such as the United States, the European Union and Japan in 2023. However, in many emerging and developing economies other than China, clean energy’s share of new jobs is below 2%. Employment in oil and gas increased in 2023, but coal jobs are in structural decline Overall fossil fuel employment grew by 3% in 2023, but firms took varied approaches in balancing near-term labour demand against the longer-term outlook. The oil and…
