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Key Questions on Energy and AI
Following the publication of the IEA’s landmark Energy and AI report in 2025, this report examines how the energy and AI nexus has evolved amid surging investment in data centres and rapid advances in model capabilities. Drawing on fresh datasets and analysis, it explores where electricity demand is rising, how quickly grids and supply chains can respond, and what these shifts mean for energy security, affordability and sustainability.
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IEA Guide to Reporting Energy Technology RD&D Budgets
…D) budgets. It outlines the methodology and classification system used to collect and structure RD&D data across IEA member countries, ensuring consistency and comparability. The manual is divided into two main sections: fundamentals of RD&D budget reporting and a detailed classification of energy technologies. It defines RD&D in alignment with the OECD Frascati Manual and clarifies the scope of public and private sector reporting. It also provides instructions for completing the IEA questionnaire, covering budgetary stages, metadata reporting, and common issues. The classification system spans nine major technology groups, including energy end uses, fossil fuels, renewables, nuclear…
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Luxembourg 2026
…Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Luxembourg and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Luxembourg’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Luxembourg’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable energy future.
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies
…sharing – and challenges linked to uneven availability of concessional or long-tenor finance.This report maps and analyses these changes through an energy sector-level dataset covering 2015 to 2024. It explores how China’s evolving financing model is reshaping instruments, institutions and regional allocation patterns, and also considers the strategic and practical implications for EMDE energy transitions.The analysis is complemented by case studies covering a range of technologies and financial structures – from large-scale renewables and electricity distribution to green industrial projects, waste-to-energy and upstream developments – which show how China’s official actors operate in practice…
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Energy security
…demand; with rising air‑conditioner ownership and increasing temperatures, this value rose to 7 GW in 2024 and could further rise to 12 GW in 2030 without further efficiency action. If India were to experience similar heatwaves as in recent years – with temperature anomalies of over 4°C – the additional peak load would amount to 47 GW. However, if all new air conditioners in India were highly efficient (e.g. through increased minimum energy performance standards), peak load during a heatwave could be reduced by almost 9 GW or about 20%, significantly decreasing the risk of blackouts or brownouts. Need more information? IEA (2025), Energy Security.
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Global EV Outlook 2025
…reports on recent developments in electric mobility around the world. It is developed with the support of members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI).The report draws on the latest data to assess trends in electric vehicle deployment, demand for their batteries and charging infrastructure. It considers recent policy developments and industry strategies shaping the outlook for electric vehicles in different markets. This edition features analysis of electric vehicle affordability, manufacturing and trade of electric cars and their batteries, and the total cost of ownership of electric heavy-duty trucks across various markets, and makes projections to 2030.The report…
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Energy Transition Review for Enhancing Co-operation
…alignment with priorities set out by the DOE of the Philippines, the report provides a detailed analysis of three key areas: the potential for nuclear power, for energy resilience and for grid modernisation in the Philippines. Executive summary The Philippines has clear targets and strong potential to advance towards a resilient, affordable and sustainable power system The Philippine power sector is undergoing a period of significant transformation, with rapidly rising electricity demand and evolving policy priorities. Electricity demand is projected to grow at an annual average of 5.4% between 2026 and 2030, driven by sustained economic and population growth…
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World Energy Outlook 2025
…key findings of the report with its lead authors. Additional downloads Executive summary translations Tips for using the IEA WEO GPT Understand the limitations: This agent has been trained on the content of the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2025 and World Energy Outlook 2025 Free Dataset to make it easier to explore and understand the analysis it contains. The agent has access to a general knowledge base for training purposes, but it cannot access additional sources materials or online resources. For detailed or official interpretations, please refer to the full report or contact the International Energy Agency.Be clear…
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Kenya 2024
…developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review of Kenya was prepared in collaboration between the government of Kenya and the IEA, whose strong partnership achieved an important milestone in 2023 when Kenya joined the IEA family as an Association country.The review leverages the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA member countries to assess Kenya’s most pressing energy challenges and provide recommendations backed by international best practices, especially as Kenya revises its 2018 Energy Policy to adapt it to current energy trends and needs.The report highlights Kenya’s…
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World Energy Employment 2025
The World Energy Employment (WEE) report series provides comprehensive tracking and analysis of the global energy workforce, including estimates of its size and distribution across regions, sectors, and technologies. It also assesses how energy labour requirements evolve to 2035 across all IEA scenarios.The WEE 2025 – the fourth edition – examines how skilled labour needs and shortages have changed since the series first highlighted these issues in 2022, and explores their implications for education and training systems, wages, policy, and the global buildout of energy infrastructure. This year’s report introduces, for the first time, detailed occupation-level estimates that offer…
