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An Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Colombia
…goal to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The third-largest country in Latin America and the Caribbean by population, it has seen stable economic and population growth over past decades. A large part of its energy mix is made up of fossil fuels, largely oil, while hydropower provides most electricity. Colombia has abundant untapped solar and wind resources and a strong base of clean energy potential.At the request of the Government of Colombia, the IEA has developed a roadmap to net zero by 2050 for the country. An Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in…
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Land-Use Competition between Biodiversity and Net Zero Goals
…Model (REALM), which identifies areas of overlap between renewable projects, critical mineral mining, and conservation priorities. Using Canada as a case study, this report highlights areas of potential land-use conflict and shows how the country can reach its 30% by 2030 target without significantly hindering the wind and solar development needed to achieve its net zero targets. Key points Achieving global energy, climate and biodiversity conservation targets simultaneously has significant implications for land use. At the 28th United Nations Climate Change conference (COP28) in 2023, nearly 200 countries set a target to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030. Based on…
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Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition
…of markets for transformative near-zero emissions steel and cement is needed to achieve internationally agreed net zero goals. Yet early movers on both the supply- and demand-side – that is, material producers and consumers – face substantial barriers related to high costs and risks, among other factors. This has led to relatively slow market growth for near-zero emissions materials, at a moment when reinvesting in long-lived high-emissions production could have repercussions for governments to achieve their stated climate goals. Policy makers have the opportunity to play a decisive role in unlocking markets for near-zero emissions materials…
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Accelerating Renewables Growth in ASEAN
Challenges and policy suggestions Eight of the 11 member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have adopted net zero emissions targets, and recent national energy plans outline substantially higher ambitions for renewable capacity. Achieving these goals will require timely, sustained and strongly co-ordinated policy action to unlock the scale of renewable energy deployment needed by 2030 and beyond.This report examines the key challenges hindering a faster capacity deployment of renewable power in ASEAN and outlines potential policy solutions informed by successful international experience. It also provides an assessment of renewable-energy auction design options, an…
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Pledges to Progress 2025
An assessment of transparency of the oil and gas industry’s emissions reduction efforts At COP28, more than 50 of the world’s leading oil and gas companies launched the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter (OGDC), laying out a series of ambitions to achieve net zero operational emissions by 2050. As global methane and flaring emissions continue to rise, these ambitions are more important than ever to reduce energy waste and mitigate the harmful consequences of climate change.To support accountability and transparency, the International Energy Agency (IEA), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) and…
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Policy Toolbox for Industrial Decarbonisation
…develop and implement their strategies for industrial decarbonisation. This work, undertaken as part of the Climate Club's Work Programme, builds on the policy toolbox outlined in IEA’s 2022 Achieving Net Zero Heavy Industry Sectors in G7 Members report, with the addition of further details on the instruments and considerations for implementation.A robust industrial decarbonisation policy strategy is likely to include multiple different instruments, as governments choose the instruments that are most suited to their individual circumstances and objectives. The report draws on comparative policy analysis to discuss the main considerations and best practices for a wide range…
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Emission reductions
…global total in 2023. This is more than the entire energy-related emissions of India and the European Union combined. Accelerating efficiency improvements could deliver a third of all energy-related CO₂ emission reductions between now and 2030 in a pathway aligned with reaching net zero emissions by 2050 – the largest share of any sector or technology. Energy efficiency also improves air quality and people’s health by lowering local air pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrous oxide. Key analysis Global energy-related CO2 emissions increased by around 15% between 2010 and 2023, driven by an…
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Grid investments
…on grid infrastructure. Demand response has seen rising uptake around the world, but further electrification and demand decarbonisation are expected to significantly increase its importance. For instance, in Australia, where various mechanisms have been successfully demonstrated, the value of demand response capacity could reach USD 11 billion per year by 2042. Globally, it could provide up to 50% of short-term flexibility needs in 2050. Need more information? IEA (2024), World Energy Outlook 2024.IEA (2023), Smart Grids.IEA (2024), Digital Demand-Driven Electricity Networks Initiative (3DEN).CREDS (2021), The role of energy demand reduction in achieving net-zero in the UK.
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Assessing emissions from LNG supply and abatement options
…produced close to where it is consumed (emissions from gas transported by pipeline also vary widely, often according to the distances involved). Several importing countries are starting to assess the emissions intensity of oil and gas imports, for example, through the EU regulation on methane emissions and the Coalition for LNG Emissions Abatement toward Net-zero (CLEAN). There has been a large increase in the availability and reporting of emissions data from the natural gas value chain in recent years. However, estimates are still subject to a high degree of uncertainty. This interim report estimates emissions from LNG supply today…
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World Energy Outlook 2025
The IEA’s flagship World Energy Outlook (WEO) is the most authoritative source of global energy analysis and projections. Updated annually to reflect the latest energy data, technology and market trends, and government policies, it explores a range of possible energy futures and their implications for energy security, access and emissions. The WEO covers the whole energy system, using a scenario-based approach to highlight the central choices, consequences and contingencies that lie ahead. It includes exploratory scenarios that flow from different assumptions about existing policies, as well as normative pathways that achieve energy and emissions goals in full. The multi…
