Spending on energy R&D by governments, 2015-2021

Last updated 12 Sep 2022

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Sources

World Energy Investment 2022 and IEA Energy Technology RD&D Budgets database (2022).

Notes

R&D includes spending on demonstration projects (i.e. RD&D) wherever reported by governments as defined in IEA documentation. 2021 is a preliminary estimate based on data available by mid-May 2022. State-owned enterprise funds comprise a significant share of the Chinese total, for which the 2021 estimate is based on reported company spending where available. The IEA Secretariat has estimated US data from public sources.

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