Avoiding CO2 emissions in the next investment cycle in heavy industries by sector, 2019-2060

Notes

Typical lifetimes for steel, cement and chemicals assets are 40 years and 30 years respectively. In the ’25 yr investment cycle’ case considered here, all assets are decommissioned after 25 years. Emissions from on-site electricity generation, including off-gases consumed to generate power in the steel sector, are excluded.