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Poland
Poland’s energy system has seen progress on energy transition, despite its reliance on domestic hard coal and lignite. For example, Poland has one of the fastest growing solar PV markets in the European Union and has also seen a strong uptake of heat pumps. Poland is pushing to become a major player in offshore wind, aiming for at least 3.4 GW of capacity by 2030. However, stronger efforts are needed across all sectors to accelerate energy transition and Poland would benefit from greater electricity interconnections with the rest of Europe.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Poland Flag]()
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Why the growth of energy service companies is uneven globally
…least half of identified efficiency measures through performance contracting. This created stable public sector demand for ESCO services and nearly doubled the market compared with pre-2020 levels.Investment levels in Europe meanwhile experienced a modest contraction in 2024, remaining close to pre-2020 levels. However, some countries are showing renewed dynamism. In Poland, more than 130 energy cooperatives adopted ESCO business models in 2025 – double the previous year. In Italy, where 900 companies are certified as ESCOs, average market revenues increased by over 78% in the past three years.Overall, ESCO markets scale up where policy frameworks are durable…
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From farms to fuel: Ukraine’s biomethane opportunity for energy security and European decarbonisation
…waste. The IEA estimates Ukraine’s biogas and biomethane production potential, using only waste and residues, at roughly 11.6 billion cubic meters equivalent (bcme) per year, making it the European leader in terms of available feedstock. Ukraine’s biomethane sector benefits from another advantage in addition to feedstock availability: well-developed domestic gas infrastructure. The country’s extensive gas network connects in the West and South to Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania via Moldova, with a combined exit capacity of around 140 bcm of natural gas per year. Ukraine also hosts Europe’s largest underground gas storage facilities, with…
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Poland’s Clean Air Programme
Poland’s Clean Air Programme is a nation-wide public grant scheme to support sing-family buildings renovations. This entails the replacement of old heating devices and/or deep thermo-modernisation, with over PLN 100 billion (EUR 22 billion) earmarked for the programme. The programme is operated by the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management and its regional bodies, with about 2 000 local communities. Grants differentiate between three beneficiary groups – up to PLN 30 000 for the basic version, up to PLN 37 000 for people in more difficult financial situations, and an additional PLN 5 000…
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Poland’s “My Electricity” programme
The "My Electricity" programme in Poland is a nationwide project aimed at increasing the share of distributed solar PV in the production of electricity, with funding from the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management. The support includes subsidies for PV installations targeted at households to cover own electricity needs (with capacity between 2 and 10 kW). Beneficiaries receive a non-refundable subsidy covering up to 50% of eligible investment costs, up to PLN 5 000 (EUR 1 100). The subsidy can be used to pay for devices such as PV panels and inverters, cables, as well as for…
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Poland National Climate and Energy Plan
Poland's updated draft of National Climate and Energy Plan submitted in October 2024 notably includes a 50,4% greenhouse gases reduction target in 2030, a 32,6% share of RES in gross final energy consumption by 2030, and a reduction to 58.5 Mtoe in final energy consumption in 2030.
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Poland - REPowerEU
Poland expanded its Recovery and Resilience Plan with an additional chapter on REPowerEU, endorsed by the EU Commission on 21 Nov 2023.
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Poland’s just transition for coal workers
The Polish government and trade union representatives have agreed to phase out coal mining by 2049 under a Social Contract. Under the plan, miners will have the right to relocate from closed mines to those still in operation, or receive an early retirement package equal to 80% of their salaries. Those who decide to leave mining will receive a severance payment of PLN 120 000 (EUR 26 500). The agreement also includes investments of over PLN 16 billion (EUR 3.5 billion) in clean coal technologies. Until 2049, the government will continue to subsidise coal production. In addition to state…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Electric vehicles
…smaller increase (4%). In the European Union, electric car sales increased by 30% in 2025. The biggest EU car market – Germany – saw significant growth in electric car sales, as did Spain and Italy, following a reintroduction of purchase subsidies in those two countries. Other large-volume markets saw growth in electric car sales as well. In Poland, sales increased by 140%, while the Netherlands saw a 25% rise. In France, sales volumes were similar to 2024. Europe as a whole overtook China as the fastest growing major market for electric cars. In the United Kingdom, sales rose by over 25%…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Heat pumps in Moldova
…Air-to-water heat pumps – also known as hydronic heat pumps – use a water-based distribution system to provide warm water to radiators. These are most common in countries that historically have gas-based hydronic heating systems, such as Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdom as well as parts of France and Italy.Heat pumps also use the ground as a heat source. These devices are called geothermal or ground-source heat pumps and require the drilling of deep holes or digging of trenches in the ground where piping is inserted. Bodies of water, such as lakes and rivers…
