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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Setting the scene
Regional imbalances in energy investment Global energy investment has steadily risen over the past decade and reached over USD 3.3 trillion for the first time in 2025. Clean energy investment trends are especially notable – with investments in a range of clean energy technologies and infrastructure, taken together, accounting for nearly two-thirds of global investments today. However, these headline numbers often mask a persistent trend: a gaping regional imbalance in global energy investment. After removing the share of investment going towards advanced economies and People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”), emerging market and developing economies (EMDE) other than…
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Electricity 2026 Flexibility
Evolving generation and demand patterns reshape power system needs The Age of Electricity is underpinned by rising investments in new resources. These include growing converter-based variable solar PV and wind, battery storage systems, as well as spatially and temporally concentrated demand from EVs, heat pumps and large loads like data centres. Combined with the expansion and upgrade of transmission and distribution grids, substantial increases in the flexibility of power systems are required for secure and cost-effective integration of generation, load and storage technologies that characterise this new era.Last year’s report, Electricity 2025, focused on measures to…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Electric vehicle charging
…have doubled since 2022 to reach more than 5 million Access to public charging points is key to supporting mass adoptionHome charging remains the most popular way to charge for EV owners. However, more public chargers are needed to support mass adoption of EVs among segments of the population without access to home chargers. In 2024, more than 1.3 million public charging points were added to the global stock, representing an increase of more than 30% compared to the previous year. Just the charging points added in 2024 were approximately equal to the total number of points available in 2020…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Electricity demand
…up by 5.1%, but slower than the growth of 6.6% in 2023 and 7.0% in 2024. Demand from the buildings and transport sectors continued to expand strongly, supported by rising incomes, higher appliance ownership, and the fast growth of China’s electric vehicle fleet. However, amid global economic uncertainty, trade barriers and a structural weakening of domestic consumption, industrial electricity demand increased by only 3.7% in 2025, compared with the robust 6.0% in 2023 and 5.1% in 2024.After four consecutive years of demand expanding by more than 6%, India’s electricity consumption rose…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Southeast Asia’s energy challenges and emerging opportunities
…tax relief, subsidies, price caps and targeted support to cushion households and firms from higher fuel and electricity costs. However, these measures add to fiscal pressure without addressing underlying exposure. The region’s energy import bill could rise from over USD 80 billion in 2024 to around USD 245 billion by 2035; reaching announced climate pledges would cut the 2035 fossil fuel import bill to around half this level. Renewables, electrification and efficiency therefore offer long-term security as well as emissions benefits. Developing domestic oil and gas resources where geologically and economically viable, and enhancing the resilience of oil…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Electricity supply
…in 2025. Global renewable generation increased by around 8.5% year-on-year in 2025, slightly slower than the 9.6% rise observed in 2024 but much faster than the around 6% average of the previous decade. This was despite declines in hydropower output in Europe and Eurasia and lower-than-normal wind speeds, particularly in Europe, which tempered growth. Solar PV saw its largest-ever increase in generation, rising by about 600 TWh. About 55% took place in China, but growth was otherwise broad-based geographically.Annual nuclear generation reached a record high following strong growth in 2024. Output…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Executive summary
Governments are navigating a sustained period of risks and disruptions In recent years, energy has been elevated to a core issue of national and economic security. Global supply chain disruptions after the Covid‑19 pandemic, Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, trade restrictions on key products including critical minerals, several years of extreme heat affecting energy systems and conflicts affecting major energy suppliers have unfolded in successive waves over the past five years. These events have brought long-standing energy security concerns back into sharp focus while exposing new vulnerabilities. They also highlight energy’s central role in geopolitics, with…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Solar PV and wind
…Meanwhile, following stable growth in 2024, annual wind capacity additions increased by nearly 40% globally, setting a new record at around 160 GW, despite ongoing supply chain challenges. Solar PV and wind set new records in key markets, while China continued to drive global renewable deployment Renewable capacity expansion in China continued to increase in 2025, reaching a new record with nearly 500 GW of additions, accounting for over 60% of global growth. Last year, China alone commissioned nearly 370 GW of solar PV and 117 GW of wind capacity – 13% and 48% higher, respectively, than in 2024. The country…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Powering Ireland’s Energy Future Executive summary
…This will help set priorities and guide market and system development, while allowing potential trade-offs to be proactively identified and managed, where possible.Ireland has a long track record of transforming its power system while managing strong electricity demand growth. In 2024, Ireland supplied about one-third of its electricity from wind, four times the global average and second only to Denmark among countries with gigawatt-scale systems. That made wind the second largest source of electricity in Ireland behind natural gas, which had a share of more than 40%. This achievement – the result of pioneering initiatives to integrate…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Production
…are expected for 2026, but several have been postponed due to delays in CCUS infrastructure.Investment momentum slowed in 2025. New final investment decisions (FIDs) dropped below 0.8 Mtpa after two consecutive years at around 1 Mtpa. Recent policy developments in China can reinvigorate investment, but lack of demand and regulatory barriers lead to an uncertain outlook in the rest of the world.Committed production grew by 3%, reaching 4.3 Mt by 2030, which could increase to more than 6 Mt if projects with strong potential to be operational by 2030 reach FID in 2026 or 2027. However, the project pipeline shrunk…
