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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2026 Cement and concrete
Cement and concrete
- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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Delivering Sustainable Fuels Executive summary
Sustainable liquid and gaseous fuels offer multiple benefits Sustainable fuels – including liquid biofuels, biogases, low-emissions hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels – offer multiple benefits for the energy sector. They complement electrification and energy efficiency in energy transitions, and they are particularly important for sectors that continue to be reliant on fuel-based solutions such as aviation, shipping, and parts of road transport and industry. Sustainable fuels can also enhance energy security, stimulate economic development and strengthen environmental sustainability.Greater use of sustainable fuels can bolster energy security by diversifying fuel supply and reducing fossil-fuel import dependence. Sustainable fuels can…
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Kristine Petrosyan
Former Senior Oil Market Analyst.
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Alex Martinos
Energy Analyst.
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Hydrogen
State of the transition Emissions Hydrogen production today is associated with emissions of almost 1 300 Mt CO2 equivalent (CO2-eq) and there has been no progress in reducing them – in contrast, emissions have edged up in recent years.However, the increase in global production (which neared 100 Mt in 2024) has kept the global average emissions intensity of hydrogen production almost constant over the past 5 years. Costs Renewable and low-carbon hydrogen remains more expensive than hydrogen from unabated fossil fuels.The cost gap has increased recently due to slower-than-expected deployment, inflation and the fall in fossil fuel prices.Electrolyser…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Progress summary dashboard
Progress summary dashboard
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Net Zero Emissions by 2050
Acting now to limit overshoot The Paris Agreement set the global goal of limiting warming to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5 °C. The IEA Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario) translates the 1.5 °C goal into a global pathway for the energy sector. The updated NZE Scenario presented here takes account of the most recent data and trends. Each country will tailor its own path to net zero emissions. The updated NZE Scenario is based on four central pillars that are widely applicable: clean energy electrification, energy efficiency, low-emissions fuels and methane abatement. The…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Heat Pumps for Buildings
Heat Pumps for Buildings
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Energy and AI Energy demand from AI
What is a data centre? Artificial intelligence (AI) model training and deployment occur mainly in data centres. Understanding the role of data centres as actors in the energy system first requires an understanding of their component parts. Data centres are facilities used to house servers, storage systems, networking equipment and associated components that are installed in racks and organised into rows. This IT equipment, and a range of auxiliary equipment required to keep it in working order, comprise the following:Servers are computers that process and store data. They can be equipped with central processing units (CPUs) and specialised accelerators…
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Decree no. 255 of 2017 on the Procedure for Calculating and Collecting Fees for Negative Environmental Impact (as amended on 9 December 2019)
…reporting and applicable timelines. Furthermore, it has provisions on compliance, including a procedure for justification of calculations, control of reports and payments as well as related sanctions.Rates of payment for negative environmental impact for 2016-2018 were adopted by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation N 913 of September 13, 2016 “On the rates of payment for negative environmental impact and additional coefficients.” In addition to the established rates of payment for negative environmental impact for 2016-2018, there are coefficients, which are applied to the rates of payment for negative impact. Coefficients are revised annually…