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Ukraine’s Energy Security As Ukraine heads into another heating season, six measures can help improve energy security
Air defence remains the best method to protect Ukraine’s critical energy and civilian infrastructure. However, there are other steps that can be taken to increase Ukraine’s energy security ahead of and during the coming winter. The IEA proposes six key actions for Ukraine and its partners to help address ongoing energy security challenges. Action 1: Boost protections for critical energy infrastructure and continue improving equipment supply chains Strengthening the security of critical energy infrastructure across Ukraine is vital to maintaining capacity this winter. A multilayered defence strategy, whereby air defence is combined with passive defence measures, can serve…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Key questions about hydrogen
How has the conflict in the Middle East affected supplies of fertilisers and chemicals made from hydrogen? The conflict in the Middle East has disrupted not only oil and gas flows, but also global supply chains for hydrogen‑based products, particularly fertilisers and chemicals such as ammonia, urea and methanol. These products account for a large share of hydrogen demand, with ammonia and methanol alone representing roughly half of global consumption.The Middle East plays a critical role in global markets for hydrogen-based products, and a large share of its production is dedicated to exports, making the region a major…
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Czechia 2025 Executive summary
The Czech Republic (Czechia) aims to phase out coal at an almost unprecedented pace. The IEA commends Czechia for such an ambitious phase-out. Coal is a major fuel source in Czechia, currently providing more than one-third of Czechia’s electricity and half of its district heating. Coal-fired plants are slated for retirement by 2033, but economic drivers may close them earlier. This would be an extraordinary transformation of Czechia’s energy system. The transition from its fossil fuel legacy can be a springboard to building a vibrant clean energy economy. But it is not without challenges, such…
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Teo Lombardo
Transport Modeller.
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Policy recommendations for the coming 2-3 years
Prioritise deployment of renewables to boost energy security and create an enabling environment for future hydrogen development Ukraine currently lacks adequate power generation capacity and restoring energy security must be a priority. Any activity focused on accelerating deployment of renewables will have positive spillover effects for hydrogen, by building experience across the workforce and companies and helping to build confidence among potential investors. This will also indirectly reduce the cost of capital by reducing the uncertainties related with renewable electricity generation. Similarly, any efforts related to permitting and administrative processes for renewables can also support the creation of standardised processes…
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Energy and AI Energy demand from AI
What is a data centre? Artificial intelligence (AI) model training and deployment occur mainly in data centres. Understanding the role of data centres as actors in the energy system first requires an understanding of their component parts. Data centres are facilities used to house servers, storage systems, networking equipment and associated components that are installed in racks and organised into rows. This IT equipment, and a range of auxiliary equipment required to keep it in working order, comprise the following:Servers are computers that process and store data. They can be equipped with central processing units (CPUs) and specialised accelerators…
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Quality standards, awarness raising, education offers & tools for energy efficiency measures in the building sector and production processes.
klimaaktiv communicates and disseminates know-how for climate protection in Austria, focusing on energy efficiency, climate-resilient buildings, renewable energy sources, environmentally friendly mobility, and climate communication. Together with other federal initiatives such as the Climate and Energy Fund, funding agencies, research programs, and practitioners, the klimaaktiv experts develop a wide range of information and support services for companies, municipalities, and private individuals.
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Hydrogen Vehicle and Refuelling Infrastructure Deployment Programme
In 2026, the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment launched a large-scale support programme for hydrogen mobility, allocating KRW 576.2 billion in government funding to deploy 7,820 hydrogen vehicles, including 6,000 passenger cars, 1,800 buses, and freight/sanitation vehicles. Subsidies include approximately KRW 22.5 million per passenger vehicle, KRW 210–260 million per bus, and up to KRW 720 million for sanitation vehicles. In parallel, the programme provides KRW 189.7 billion in funding to expand hydrogen refuelling infrastructure, with a target of exceeding 500 stations in the short term and 660 stations by…
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Home Charging Station Bonus
The PNRR, mission 2 investment 4.3, plans to build the infrastructure needed to promote the development of electric mobility, increase the number of zero-emission vehicles (public and private) and reduce the environmental impact of transport, creating over 20,000 rapid charging points on highways and in urban centers by 2026.
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Land Transport Master Plan 2040 - Rail Expansion Programme
Singapore’s Land Transport Master Plan (LTMP) 2040, launched on 25 May 2019, outlines a major expansion of the national rail network to support sustainable urban mobility and reduce reliance on private vehicles. The plan includes significant public investment to expand the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network from approximately 230 km in 2019 to around 360 km by the early 2030s, ensuring that 8 in 10 households are within a 10-minute walk of a train station.The programme is supported by large public investment, with the government committing over S$60 billion to expand and renew the rail network over…