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Bruno Le Maire
Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty.
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Global Energy Review 2025 Natural gas
…year-on-year, as strong increases in North America, fast-growing Asian markets and Eurasia were partially offset by lower gas-fired power generation in Europe. Extreme weather conditions, particularly heat waves in China, India and the United States, contributed to higher gas burn in the power sector in 2024. Extreme temperatures alone accounted for around one-fifth of the increase in global natural gas demand. Natural gas demand in the residential and commercial building sectors grew by around 1% in 2024.Natural gas continued to displace oil and oil products in various sectors, supported by policies, regulations and market…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Energy Sankey
Visualize the full energy system for over 150 countries and regions How to read the Sankey diagram Sankey diagrams are a visual representation of the information available in an energy balance. They allow to “follow the flow” of each energy commodities from supply on the left part to the final consumption and exit from the national supply on the right.The first nodes you can find on the left side represent the domestic production of primary energy commodities and imports of energy commodities. ...
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 5. Silk Road fund commitment in African Infrastructure Investment Fund IV
Project overview and impact Africa’s energy sector faces a persistent investment shortfall, with annual clean energy spending needing to grow more than six times by 2035 to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Equity funds have become an important channel for mobilising capital into markets where project-level financing remains constrained by high costs of capital, currency risk and a shortage of scalable, investable project structures. Against this backdrop, the Silk Road Fund (SRF) committed USD 50 million to the African Infrastructure Investment Fund IV (AIIF4) in 2023. The AIIF4 is a pan-African infrastructure fund managed by African…
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Executive summary
A dramatic increase in energy investment into African countries is essential Multiple recent crises have made it increasingly challenging for many African countries to raise financing to support their clean energy ambitions, despite the continent’s huge needs and rich and varied resources. Africa accounts for around 20% of the world’s population but attracts less than 2% of its spending on clean energy. In recent years, African countries have had to deal with a series of overlapping crises, including the Covid-19 pandemic, the energy and food crises following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and worsening climate risks. Borrowing…
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Tinne Van der Straeten
Minister of Energy, Belgium.
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Gas 2025 Executive summary
…This limited demand growth, especially in price-sensitive Asian markets.Around 300 billion cubic metres per year of new liquefied natural gas (LNG) export capacity is expected to be added worldwide by 2030, primarily supported by liquefaction capacity expansions in the United States and Qatar. This wave of new LNG production capacity is set to profoundly transform global gas market dynamics. The scaling up of LNG supply will play a key role in enhancing supply security and improving the affordability of natural gas – including in price-sensitive emerging import markets.The analytical framework underpinning the medium-term outlook in this…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Steel
State of the transition Emissions Total CO2 emissions remain largely unchanged from recent years, while direct CO2 emissions intensity has seen an uptick since 2021. Both must fall in the coming years to get on track with the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario). Cost Blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) routes make up about 70% of global steel production today.Hydrogen direct reduced iron electric arc furnace (H2 DRI-EAF) routes are emerging as a preferred low-emissions option in certain regions. Early commercial plants using 100% hydrogen blends are estimated to cost 50…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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India Bioenergy Market Report Executive summary
Bioenergy is particularly important for India’s rapidly growing energy market. It can strengthen energy security, reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels, create economic development and employment opportunities - especially in rural communities - and contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions. These benefits align closely with national energy and climate objectives, enabling India to leverage its domestic resources to support cleaner energy growth. India’s abundant agricultural residues and organic waste provide a strong resource base for modern bioenergy production.India’s ethanol industry has emerged as one of the country’s most successful policy-driven energy stories. Backed by a suite…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Present and future prospects of electric car manufacturing
…In the European Union, however, the difference is large – for ICE cars, over 90% of the engines and parts are produced domestically, compared to just over 40% for batteries and electric car parts. The difference is less pronounced in the United States, which imports both engines and batteries, albeit from different regions.Regions without a battery industry see lower economic value addition, as the battery accounts for around one-quarter of the value of an electric car. Yet most of the economic value of a car comes from assembly and production of non-powertrain components; even in regions where all…
