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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Executive summary
The hydrogen sector continues to grow despite persistent barriers and project cancellations Global hydrogen demand increased to almost 100 million tonnes (Mt) in 2024, up 2% from 2023 and in line with overall energy demand growth. This rise was driven by greater use in sectors that have traditionally consumed hydrogen, like oil refining and industry. Demand from new applications accounted for less than 1% of the total and was almost entirely concentrated in biofuels production. The supply of hydrogen continued to be dominated by fossil fuels, using 290 billion cubic metres (bcm) of natural gas and 90 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Demand
Global coal demand grew by 1.5% in 2024 to reach an all-time high In 2024, global coal demand increased by 1.5% compared with 2023, reaching a new all-time high of 8.79 Bt. This represents a continuation of the upward trend in coal consumption, albeit at a slower pace than growth rates of 4.4% in 2022 and 2.3% in 2023.The increase in 2024 was primarily driven by emerging economies in Asia, particularly China and India. China recorded the largest absolute growth, with demand rising by 82 Mt (1.7%) while India’s consumption…
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Strategic Projects of the CRMA
…States, including Belgium, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, Estonia, Czechia, Greece, Sweden, Finland, Portugal, Poland, and Romania. These projects cover 14 raw materials: Lithium (battery grade)Nickel (battery grade)CobaltManganese (battery grade)Graphite (battery grade)MagnesiumTungstenPlatinum group metalsCopperBauxite/Alumina/AluminiumGalliumRare earth elements for magnetsBoron (metallurgy grade)GermaniumThe types of projects include extraction, processing, recycling and substitution of raw materials. The implementation timeline for these projects begins on 25 March 2025, with an expected completion by 2030. The total capital investment for these projects is estimated at €22.5 billion. The projects will benefit from coordinated support from the Commission, Member States…
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Directive 2009/28/EC on the Promotion of Electricity Produced from Renewable Energy Sources
… Greece 20,1% (8,6%); Spain 29,4% (19,9%); France 21% (15%); Ireland 13,2% (3,6%); Italy 25% (16%); Luxembourg 5,7% (2,1%); Netherlands 9% (3,5%); Austria 78,1% (70%); Portugal 39% (38,5%); Finland 31,5% ( 24,7%); Sweden 60% (49,1%); UK 10% (1,7%);European Community 22% (13,9%)Member States must publish a report setting national indicative targets for renewable electricity, and outlining measures, taken or planned, to achieve these targets, by October 2002 and every 5 years thereafter.Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that transmission and distribution…
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Energy Certification System of Buildings (2013)
…operation and maintenance of non-residential buildings and their technical systems, as well as requirements for the characterization of their performance in order to promote energy efficiency and indoor air quality. Energy Requirements: Insulation REH Insulation Requirements Uref [W/(m2. ºC)] Climate Zone Portugal - Mainland Current area of the surrounding: With the entry into force of the Decree-Law No. 118/2013 Regulation December 31, 2015 I1 I2 I3 I1 I2 I3 in contact with exterior or not useful spaces with coefficient loss reduction btr>0.7 Vertical opaque elements 1,75 1,60 1,45 0,50 0…
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Miguel G. Torreira
Global Utilities Strategy Lead, Accenture.
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Talya Vatman
Russia, Caspian and Black Sea Programme Manager.
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Apostolos Petropoulos
Energy Modeller.
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Damian Cortinas
Chair of the Board, European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E).
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Clara Camarasa
Former Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
