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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Innovation in mining, refining and recycling to promote diversification
New technologies in mining, refining and recycling hold major potential to scale up diversified supplies Continued growth in mineral demand in the coming decades calls for substantial contributions from supply sources that are sustainable and minimise losses and waste. However, progress on upstream and midstream, or “supply-side”, innovations has been lagging. Building resilient and responsible mineral supply chains will require efforts to scale up new technologies that can increase supply volumes, improve the energy efficiency of production processes, and reduce water consumption, waste generation and emissions all along the supply chain. These innovations can help achieve various policy goals…
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Pledges to Progress Company Assessment
The assessment shown below sets out actions reported by 116 oil and gas companies to achieve the goals set out in the Oil and Gas Decarbonisation Charter, agreed at COP28. It is a baseline assessment, in that the evaluations for each metric are based on public company reporting published in 2024, which often rely on data and progress from 2023, i.e. before the OGDC was launched.This is not an assessment of environmental performance. It tracks 25 specific aspects of target-setting, implementation strategies and disclosure, based on a framework put together by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Macro drivers
Overview The Global Energy and Climate Model (GEC Model) uses macro drivers, techno-economic inputs and policies as input data to design and calculate the scenarios. The values for the different data categories and scenarios used in the GEC Model 2025 can be downloaded here.Economic activity and population are the two fundamental drivers of demand for energy services in GEC Model scenarios. Unless otherwise specified, these are kept constant across all scenarios as a means of providing a starting point for the analysis and facilitating the interpretation of the results. The projections are based on the average retail prices…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance What is transition finance?
Developments and current status Many energy investments defy a simple binary classification between “clean” and “dirty”: there are also the “in-between” investments that can deliver material emissions reductions but that do not bring emissions to zero. These investments have historically been difficult to categorise due to differences in energy pathways and timeframes across regions and have been the subject of debate, including over whether and how they should be supported.Transition finance refers to financial activities that can contribute to emissions reductions, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors as well as in emerging market and developing economies (EMDE) where…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Clean Efficient Cooking
Clean Efficient Cooking
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Outlook for clean cooking in Africa
Off the back burner? Based on today’s policies, investment and market trends, only three African countries are set to reach universal clean cooking access by mid-century. Sub-Saharan Africa could achieve universal coverage by 2040, if countries were to replicate the best historical rates of progress seen in similar countries around the world – a pathway explored in the new Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS). It will require 80 million people to gain access annually, or a 4.7 percentage point improvement in access rates each year, comparable to rates of progress seen in Indonesia, Cambodia…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Cutting through the noise
Cutting through the noise
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Global Energy Review 2025 Coal
Global coal demand growth slows Global coal demand grew by 1.2% in 2024 in energy terms, rising by around 67 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) (or in physical terms by 1.4% or 123 million tonnes). The growth rate has been declining since the strong rebound in 2021 following the end of Covid-19 lockdowns in many countries.The electricity sector continues to drive coal demand, accounting for two-thirds of global consumption. In 2024, global coal power generation grew by nearly 1% to 10 700 TWh, a new high. A key driver was record temperatures, which pushed up electricity demand for…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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World Energy Investment 2026 Regional dashboards
Despite the destabilising effect of the Middle East conflict, capital flows to the energy sector are expected to grow to USD 3.4 trillion in 2026, a 5% rise from 2025, mainly from China, the US, and the EU. Clean energy investment grows to USD 2.2 trillion, almost double that of fossil fuels. Investment in clean energy increases year-on-year by 7% in advanced economies and in China, while 4% in other emerging markets, reflecting regional differences with a shared focus on energy security.
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Dynta Trishana Munardy
Senior Officer of APAEC Department, ASEAN Centre for Energy.
